Novel Coordinated Control Strategy of BESS and PMSG-WTG for Fast Frequency Response

Abstract

An increase in inverter-based resources (IBRs) can lower the inertia of a power system, which may adversely affect the power system by causing changes such as a frequency nadir reduction or an increased initial rate of change of frequency (RoCoF). To prevent this, an ancillary service called fast frequency response (FFR) helps the inertia response by using IBRs. The main resources used in FFR are variable-speed wind turbine generators (VSWTGs) or energy storage systems (ESSs), which can respond quickly through converter control. The control is applied to the frequency regulation service faster than the primary frequency response, so the second frequency nadir may fall below the first frequency nadir. This study proposed a novel coordinated control strategy to efficiently utilize energy to improve the frequency nadir through coordinated control of wind turbines based on permanent magnetic synchronous generators (PMSGs) and battery energy storage systems (BESSs). The simulation results confirmed that the two-bus test system was composed of PSCAD/EMTDC, and the frequency nadir increased by utilizing the same amount of energy as in traditional control systems.

Load-Aware Operation Strategy for Wind Turbines Participating in the Joint Day-Ahead Energy and Reserve Market

“…An advanced converter control maintaining a transient frequency stability is presented in [16]. The study presented in [17], proposes a coordinated control strategy to efficiently utilise energy in permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG). A hybrid control strategy of frequency based power point tracking method is presented in [18].…”

Overview of frequency control techniques in power systems with high inverter‐based resources: Challenges and mitigation measures

“…However, this control can only assist with extreme frequency deviations and cannot continuously control the frequency to the desired level, unlike droop-based control [14,15]. Coordination among all participating resources may be essential to achieve the best performance [137]. Additionally, the static step response takes some time to reset and re-arm once activated, whereas a droop-based control system will respond as long as there is headroom and energy available.…”

Development of Energy Storage Systems for High Penetration of Renewable Energy Grids

“…Therefore, the goal of alleviating transmission and distribution congestion and improving renewable energy utilization rates is introduced in [16,17]. Reference [18] introduces a coordinated control strategy to efficiently utilize energy, enhancing the minimum frequency level of the frequency nadir of the system by coordinating wind turbines with permanent magnetic synchronous generators and battery energy storage systems. In [19,20], a simulation of a power supply system for a weather station, which comprises solar panels, batteries, and inverters, was produced.…”