Novel conducting fabric polymer composites as stretchable electrodes: one‐step fabrication of chemical actuators

Shoji, Eiichi; Takagi, Susumu; Araie, Hidemasa

doi:10.1002/pat.1305

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Examples include stretchable organic light-emitting diodes, 1 stretchable solar cells, 2 dielectric elastomer actuators, 3,4 supercapacitors, 5,6 skin sensors, 7,8 articial muscles 9 and electronic eye cameras. It mainly studies electronics that is based on elastic substrates and thus can be foldable, twisted, compressed, stretched or deformed into arbitrary shapes while maintaining a high level of electrical performance, reliability, and integration ability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-performance stretchable transparent electrodes based on silver nanowires synthesized via an eco-friendly halogen-free method

et al. 2014

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Silver nanowires (AgNWs) with high aspect ratio are usually prepared via complicated multi-step procedures or by a relatively tedious polyol method with the assistance of X aÀ /O 2 (X aÀ represents the halide ion or sulfion) etching. In this paper, silver nanowires with both a high aspect ratio of 800-1600 and high purity were prepared via a simple, cost-effective, high-yield and eco-friendly method without the introduction of external halides or sulfides. Embedding the as-prepared silver nanowires beneath the surface of the poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) substrate, novel stretchable AgNW/PDMS electrodes with superior comprehensive performances were fabricated. The resulting AgNW/PDMS electrodes show high optoelectronic performance. Without annealing, transparent conductive films with both high conductivity and transmittance, R s ¼ 14 U , À1 , T ¼ 90% and R s ¼ 9 U , À1 , T ¼ 81% were fabricated, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, they are among the best AgNW/PDMS electrodes in terms of transparency and electrical conductivity. The transparent electrodes also possess excellent electromechanical performance and stretchability (no obvious changes in sheet resistance with strain up to 20%). What is more, the conductive layer of the as-prepared electrodes shows strong adhesion to the substrates, demonstrating their superior durability. They also show high flexibility, good chemical stability and high uniformity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-performance stretchable transparent electrodes based on silver nanowires synthesized via an eco-friendly halogen-free method

et al. 2014

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“…Since the discovery of the electrical conductivity of π‐conjugated polymers,1 electroactive polymers have been the object of intense study for their potential application in conducting fabrics,2 anti‐electrostatic coatings,3, 4 electromagnetic shielding,5 chemical sensors,6 corrosion protection,7 artificial muscles,8 actuators,9 and biomedical devices 10, 11. In recent years, there has been an emerging interest in using conducting polymers (CPs) in the development of stretchable conducting composite materials 12, 13.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Stretchable Conducting SIBS‐P3HT Fibers

Granero

Wagner

et al. 2011

Adv Funct Materials

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Poly(styrene-β -isobutylene-β -styrene)-poly(3-hexylthiophene) (SIBS-P3HT) conducting composite fi bers are successfully produced using a continuous fl ow approach. Composite fi bers are stiffer than SIBS fi bers and able to withstand strains of up 975% before breaking. These composite fi bers exhibit interesting reversible mechanical and electrical characteristics, which are applied to demonstrate their strain gauging capabilities. This will facilitate their potential applications in strain sensing or elastic electrodes. Here, the fabrication and characterization of highly stretchable electrically conducting SIBS-P3HT fi bers using a solvent/non-solvent wet-spinning technique is reported. This fabrication method combines the processability of conducting SIBS-P3HT blends with wet-spinning, resulting in fi bers that could be easily spun up to several meters long. The resulting composite fi ber materials exhibit an increased stiffness (higher Young's modulus) but lower ductility compared to SIBS fi bers. The fi bers' reversible mechanical and electrical characteristics are applied to demonstrate their strain gauging capabilities. similar. The solubility parameter for toluene is 18.2 MPa ½ , [ 31 ] which is similar to the estimated value for SIBSs, which is 16.5 MPa ½ . The latter was calculated using the SIBS styrene/isobutylene ratio and the solubility parameters of styrene (17.8 MPa ½ ) and isobutylene (16.0 MPa ½ ). [ 31 ] The reported values of the P3HT solubility parameter range from 18.0 to 22.0 MPa ½ . [ 32 ] The solubility parameter of methanol is 29.7 MPa ½ [ 31 ] and it was used as the non-solvent. Solubility studies were used to confirm the suitability of our solvent/non-solvent system. SIBS fi bers ( Figure 1 ) were straightforward to spin and characterize, but we were unable to determine the electrical and mechanical properties for fi bers consisting entirely of P3HT. Although P3HT in its reduced form could be spun into fi bers, they were too brittle to handle without breaking. It was not possible to spin fi bers using P3HT in its oxidized form. DOIThree types of composite fi bers were prepared using spinning solutions consisting of SIBS combined with: i) P3HT oxidized with I 2 and doped with I 3 − , ii) P3HT doped with BF 4 − from tetrabutylammonium tetrafl uoroborate (TBABF 4 ) and oxidized with I 2 , and iii) P3HT doped with BF 4 − from tetrafl uoroboric acid (HBF 4 ) and oxidized with I 2 , which are hereafter referred to as PCP1, PCP2, and PCP3, respectively. The composition of these fi bers ( Table 1 ) was determined by elemental analysis. PCP2 and PCP3 fi bers were prepared using P3HT-doped with BF 4 − , from different molecules (TBABF 4 and HBF 4 ). This affected the resulting P3HT loading in the composite fi ber. For example, PCP2 fi bers spun with a 1.4% (w/v) P3HT concentration yield a 1:0.11 SIBS:P3HT ratio in the resulting fi ber. Using the same concentration in the preparation of PCP3 fi bers results in a 1:0.14 SIBS:P3HT ratio. The optical transparency and surface morphology of P3HT-co...

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“…ionic polymer metal composites, in this study is basically surface expansion of a cathode and contraction of an anode, where internal ions statically interact according to the polarity of each electrode. [1][2][3][6][7][8] Understanding and evaluating the performance of polymer actuators are important for the development of next-generation robotic applications involving a novel motion principle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature, humidity, and dimension dependence of the bending motion of ionomer-based polymer actuators

Shoji

Iwasaki

2016

Polym. Adv. Technol.

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This paper focuses on the effects of temperature, humidity, and dimensions on the displacement of ionomer‐based polymer actuators. The amount of displacement and velocities of the actuation strongly increased with increasing humidity and temperature. We attributed this behavior to a change in the Young's modulus (the stiffness) and ion conductivity based on water uptake. To evaluate the dependence of the velocity of the displacement on humidity and temperature, we examined three velocities (i.e. the initial, bending, and backtracking velocities). The observed increase in the bending velocity at higher relative humidity (RH) levels arises from an increase in the water uptake, which enhances ion conductivity and decreases the film stiffness. The ratio of the bending velocity to the backtracking velocity at higher RH decreased because of a drastic increase of the backtracking velocity at higher RH. This result would be explained by an increase in the ion conductivity accompanying a decrease in the stiffness. Furthermore, we compared the difference in the amount of displacement of the actuator using actuators of two widths (2 and 10 mm) at 30, 60, and 90% RH and at 25 °C. The difference in the width of the actuator did not completely affect the displacement. These results are reasonably explained by considering the amount of mobile ions per unit volume of the films of the actuators. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Novel conducting fabric polymer composites as stretchable electrodes: one‐step fabrication of chemical actuators

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

High-performance stretchable transparent electrodes based on silver nanowires synthesized via an eco-friendly halogen-free method

High-performance stretchable transparent electrodes based on silver nanowires synthesized via an eco-friendly halogen-free method

Highly Stretchable Conducting SIBS‐P3HT Fibers

Temperature, humidity, and dimension dependence of the bending motion of ionomer-based polymer actuators

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