Novel Coating to Minimize Corrosion of Glass-Ceramics for Dental Applications

Abstract

The effect of a novel silicon carbide (SiC) coating on the chemical durability of a fluorapatite glass-ceramic veneer was investigated by examining weight loss and ion release levels. The hypothesis that this novel coating will exhibit significant corrosion resistance was tested. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP) was used for ion concentration determination and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for surface morphology analyses. Samples were immersed in pH 10 and pH 2 buffer solutions to represent extreme conditions in the oral cavity. Analyses were done at 15 and 30 days. The SiC coated group demonstrated significant reduction in weight loss across all solutions and time points (p < 0.0001). Ion release analyses demonstrated either a marginally lower or a significantly lower release of ions for the SiC-coated disks. SEM analysis reveals planarization of surfaces by the SiC-coated group. The surfaces of coated samples were not as corroded as the non-coated samples, which is indicative of the protective nature of these coatings. In conclusion, SiC is a novel coating that holds promise for improving the performance of ceramic materials used for dental applications.Materials 2020, 13, 1215 2 of 11 substances pH 8-14 (e.g., spinach, soybeans, and antacids) [1]. Eventually, this constant change in pH can decrease the fracture strength of glass-ceramics [13,14] and increase surface roughness [15,16]. This roughening of the restoration can lead to plaque accumulation and increased wear of the opposing enamel [17,18]. Dental restorations should be able to withstand these fluctuations in pH.Chemical durability of dental materials has been extensively studied because of the importance of this property on the longevity of the restoration. Intrinsic or extrinsic modifications can be used to improve chemical durability. Several studies have demonstrated chemical stability for glass-ceramics can be enhanced by (1) different ratio of compositions; (2) addition of oxides, such as CaO, K 2 O, and Al 2 O 3 ; and (3) fluorine and calcium phosphates as part of intrinsic modifications [19-23]. Extrinsic modification can be achieved by producing additional layers on the surface to enhance chemical durability and other physical properties [24-26]. Esquivel-Upshaw et al. showed that glazed material has better chemical resistance than non-glazed material [1]. Topateş et al. discussed the effect of different glaze compositions on chemical durability [25]. Rau et al. reported that the chemical resistance and corrosion rate of magnesium alloy were improved with the application of a glass-ceramic coating [26].Chemical durability is also important because leached ions during corrosion may not be safe. The literature demonstrated the cytotoxicity of materials in ceramic [27][28][29][30]. Elshahawy et al. reported that Zn had the highest cytotoxicity (60% cell viability) to fibroblast cells among the ions released from gold alloys and ceramic crowns in patients' saliva, followed by Cu > Ag > Pd > Al > Au > Si. The cyt...

Anti-Bacterial Properties and Biocompatibility of Novel SiC Coating for Dental Ceramic

“…This study confirmed that SiC coating can decrease bacterial adhesion on the surface of ceramic veneers while maintaining biocompatibility with other cells. SiC recently demonstrated optimized color properties and corrosion resistance [21,22]. This coating can be applied to dental materials to improve their clinical performance.…”

“…Hsu et al [21] reported that SiC-coated dental ceramics demonstrated a significant reduction in corrosion when placed in caustic environments that represent the extreme conditions of the oral cavity. Chen et al [22] demonstrated that the thickness of the SiC coating can also be optimized to match any tooth shade required within the dental field.…”

Demonstration of a SiC Protective Coating for Titanium Implants

“…Out of many potential materials that could protect titanium from corrosion, silicon carbide (SiC) seems promising due to this material’s high strength, lack of reactivity to the oral environment, and ease of deposition [ 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ]. Using SiC as a protective coating has proven to be effective for glass-ceramics used for fixed dental prostheses and significantly reduced the effects of corrosion [ 54 , 56 ]. In addition to SiC’s durability, this coating has also shown favorable biocompatibility in various applications [ 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ].…”

Characterization of nano-bio silicon carbide

“…Silicon carbide is extremely inert material, that is why the development of bio-based SiC ceramic technology is very important today for bio and medical applications [1][2][3][4]. Analysis of the erosive effect of different substance and medications has shown that different pH levels affect the surface of dental ceramics.…”

“…CVCs(1)(2)(3) and their dimensionless sensitivity α (curves 1'-3') of SiC films on Si at different bias voltage Vbias: Vbias = 0 (1) and Vbias = -200 V (2); on insert the glass is substrate.…”