Novel clinical and immunological features associated with persistent post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 after six months of follow-up: a pilot study

Torres-Ruíz, Jiram; Lomelín-Gascón, Julieta; Luna, Jaquelin Lira; Vargas-Castro, Ana Sofía; Pérez-Fragoso, Alfredo; Nuñez-Aguirre, Miroslava; Alcalá-Carmona, Beatriz; Absalón-Aguilar, Abdiel; Balderas-Miranda, Jennifer T.; Maravillas‐Montero, José Luis; Mejía‐Domínguez, Nancy R.; Núñez‐Álvarez, Carlos A.; Llórente, Luis; Romero‐Ramírez, Sandra; Sosa-Hernández, Víctor Andrés; Cervantes‐Díaz, Rodrigo; Juárez‐Vega, Guillermo; Meza-Sánchez, David Eduardo; Rull-Gabayet, Marina; Martínez-Juárez, Luis Alberto; Morales, Linda; López-López, Lizeth Naomi; Negrete-Trujillo, José Adrián; Falcón-Lezama, Jorge Abelardo; Valdez-Vázquez, Rafael; Gallardo-Rincón, Héctor; Tapia‐Conyer, Roberto; Gómez‐Martín, Diana

doi:10.1080/23744235.2022.2158217

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Higher values of MIP-1α in the PC group, a cytokine involved in the recruitment and activation of immune cells (particularly monocytes and macrophages) to sites of infection, are in line with existing literature both in baseline levels during acute COVID-19 and six months after infection [29].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

High Levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and MIP-1α One Month after the Onset of the Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Predictors of Post COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients

Alonso-Domínguez,

Gallego-Rodríguez,

Martínez-Barros

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection has left behind a new symptomatology called post COVID-19, or “long COVID”. The pathophysiological mechanisms still remain controversial; however, a link between persistent inflammation and these sequelae has been suggested. Herein, we longitudinally assessed up- and downstream molecules of the NLRP3 inflammasome’s pathway in three study groups: healthy donors (HC, n = 14) and donors with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who had been hospitalized, the latter divided into post COVID-19 (PC, n = 27) and non-post COVID-19 patients (nPC, n = 27) based on the presence or absence of symptomatology at month 6, respectively. Plasma cytokines (IL-1β, IL-3, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, IP-10, MIG, TNF-α, IFN-γ, MIP-1α and MIP-1β) and total peroxide (TPX) levels were quantified at baseline and at months 1 and 6 after the onset of the infection. Baseline values were the highest for both TPX and cytokines that progressively decreased thereafter the acute infection. IL-1β, MIP-1α and TNF-α at month 1 were the only cytokines that showed a significant difference between nPC and PC. These findings suggest that a persistent inflammatory state one month after the onset of SARS-CoV-2 infection related to specific cytokines (IL-1β, MIP-1α, and TNF-α) might guide to predicting post COVID-19 symptomatology.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

High Levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and MIP-1α One Month after the Onset of the Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Predictors of Post COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients

Alonso-Domínguez,

Gallego-Rodríguez,

Martínez-Barros

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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“…Severe LC cases often show a pronounced shift toward an exhausted or senescent phenotype in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, with noticeable disturbances in CD4+ T regulatory cells, indicating the intricate nature of immune responses in LC disease (Wiech, Chroscicki et al 2022, Berentschot, Drexhage et al 2023). Additionally, Ruiz et al (2023) found a significant increase in CD57 expression on CD8+ T cells, suggesting a shift towards a pro-inflammatory state that could contribute to the persistence of LC symptoms (Torres-Ruiz, Lomelín-Gascón et al 2023). These findings suggest that low-grade persistent inflammatory responses in LC might be predominantly driven by cell-mediated immunity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune activation and immune-associated neurotoxicity in Long-COVID: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 82 studies comprising 58 cytokines/chemokines/growth factors

Almulla,

Thipakorn,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Multiple studies have shown that Long COVID (LC) disease is associated with heightened immune activation, as evidenced by elevated levels of inflammatory mediators. However, there is no comprehensive meta-analysis focusing on activation of the immune inflammatory response system (IRS) and the compensatory immunoregulatory system (CIRS) along with other immune phenotypes in LC patients. Objectives: This meta-analysis is designed to explore the IRS and CIRS profiles in LC patients, the individual cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, along with C-reactive protein (CRP) and immune-associated neurotoxicity. Methods: To gather relevant studies for our research, we conducted a thorough search using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and SciFinder, covering all available literature up to December 20th, 2023. Results: The current meta-analysis encompassed 82 studies that examined multiple immune profiles, C-reactive protein, and 58 cytokines/chemokines/growth factors in 3836 LC patients versus 4537 normal controls (NC). LC patients showed significant increases in IRS/CIRS ratio (standardized mean difference (SMD:0.156, confidence interval (CI): 0.051;0.261), IRS (SMD: 0.345, CI: 0.222;0.468), M1 macrophage (SMD: 0.421, CI: 0.290;0.551), T helper (Th)1 (SMD: 0.353, CI: 0.189;0.517), Th17 (SMD: 0.492, CI: 0.332;0.651) and immune-associated neurotoxicity (SMD: 0.327 CI: 0.205;0.448). In addition, CRP and 19 different cytokines displayed significantly elevated levels in LC patients compared to NC. Conclusion: LC disease is characterized by IRS activation and increased immune-associated neurotoxicity.

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“…El Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán" ha comenzado a indagar cuestiones de senescencia celular propias del COVID persistente, así como una opción terapéutica denominada Fibroquel (colágeno polimerizado tipo I) para el tratamiento del COVID persistente y ha publicado un reporte de las primeras poblaciones de estudio en México. [4][5][6] Las principales manifestaciones del COVID persistente son neuropsiquiátricas, desde cuadros de ansiedad, depresión, síndrome confusional, encefalopatía y otras. Además de las comentadas, se han reportado manifestaciones cardiovasculares, con cuadros de disautonomías, taquicardias paroxísticas posturales, hipertensión e hipotensión reactivas, arritmias y miocarditis; de igual forma, se han registrado manifestaciones pulmonares (principalmente tos, disnea y dolor torácico), gastrointestinales (desde gastrocolitis hasta disbiosis) y osteomusculares diversas.…”

Section: Antecedentesunclassified

Caracterización clínico-epidemiológica de los pacientes con COVID persistente en México

Del Carpio-Orantes,

Trelles-Hernández,

García-Méndez

et al. 2024

GMM

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Novel clinical and immunological features associated with persistent post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 after six months of follow-up: a pilot study

Cited by 9 publications

References 45 publications

High Levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and MIP-1α One Month after the Onset of the Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Predictors of Post COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients

High Levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and MIP-1α One Month after the Onset of the Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Predictors of Post COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients

Immune activation and immune-associated neurotoxicity in Long-COVID: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 82 studies comprising 58 cytokines/chemokines/growth factors

Caracterización clínico-epidemiológica de los pacientes con COVID persistente en México

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