Novel chromogenic selective sensors for aqueous cyanide ions under high water content and real sample analysis

Abstract

Novel chromogenic receptors (R1–R2) containing anthraquinone as the signalling unit and imidazole as the binding unit were designed to enhance the sensing action in an aqueous medium.

Tandem Detection of Sub-Nano Molar Level CN– and Hg2+ in Aqueous Medium by a Suitable Molecular Sensor: A Viable Solution for Detection of CN– and Development of the RGB-Based Sensory Device

“…The UV–vis titration studies of DTPH were performed with 10 –5 M sensor solution prepared in ACN and 10 –4 M CN – solution prepared in 9:1 ACN–H 2 O medium. Here, the occurrence of water probably inhibited the deprotonation upon addition of CN – . , From the absorption spectra, it was shown that the free sensor exhibited two peaks at 255 and 300 nm corresponding to the π–π* and n−π* transition, respectively, and the π–π* transition also corroborated with the time-dependent density functional theory calculation (Figure S13; Supporting Information). Upon steady addition of CN – to the sensor, a new peak was noticed to be emerged at 480 nm with simultaneous diminution of the initial peak and upsurge of the peak at 300 nm, affirming an charge-transfer transition within the −NH moiety of the sensor and CN – (Figure a).…”

“…The foremost mechanism which can elicit an obvious color change of a sensor molecule by the interaction with an anionic species is the charge–transfer transitions, which triggers the alteration of the spectroscopic characters of the sensor and consequently changes its UV–vis spectrum . Moreover, the lesser hydration energy (Δ H hyd = −67 kJ mol –1 ) of CN – than that of F – (Δ H hyd = −505 kJ mol –1 ), AcO – (Δ H hyd = −375 kJ mol –1 ), and H 2 PO 4 – (Δ H hyd = −260 kJ mol –1 ) further helps to selectively recognize CN – in the pool of others competitive anions. ,,− …”

A Urea-Functionalized Chemoreceptor for Expeditious Chromogenic Recognition of Toxic Industrial Pollutants Cu2+ and CN– from Real Water Sources and Biofluids: Diagnosis of Wilson’s disease from Human Urine

“…The overall electron density around BDC is significantly enhanced that further causes a reduction in the energy gap between the molecular orbital of BDC; thus, the appearance of a new band occurs at a higher wavelength accompanied by a color change from pale yellow to dark brown. 57 Herein, −NO 2 as an electron-pulling chromophore was purposefully incorporated to increase the acidity of the amide protons and also the hydrogen-donor properties of the chemoreceptor. 58 The response of the chemoreceptor BDC toward the other environmentally encountered anions has been investigated (Figure S13 in the Supporting Information).…”

“…Owing to this, a partial positive charge is developed on the −NH unit of BDC and a negative one on the N atom of the CN – molecule that furthermore facilitates the charge transfer process owing to the push–pull effect. The overall electron density around BDC is significantly enhanced that further causes a reduction in the energy gap between the molecular orbital of BDC ; thus, the appearance of a new band occurs at a higher wavelength accompanied by a color change from pale yellow to dark brown . Herein, −NO 2 as an electron-pulling chromophore was purposefully incorporated to increase the acidity of the amide protons and also the hydrogen-donor properties of the chemoreceptor .…”

Naphthalimide based smart sensor for CN−/Fe3+ and H2S. Synthesis and application in RAW264.7 cells and zebrafish imaging

“…The adverse health consequences of ions such as cyanide, are well documented such as complications of vascular, visual, central nervous, cardiac, endocrine and metabolic systems. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Chemically, cyanide ion is a resilient nucleophile, sufficiently basic in nature, and can act as an ambidentate ligand and most importantly a pseudohalide. Cyanide is chosen as an exemplar since it nds widespread application in metallurgy, mining, electroplating and polymer synthesis.…”