Novel Cephalosporins in Septic Subjects and Severe Infections: Present Findings and Future Perspective

Abstract

In past decade, cephalosporins have developed significantly, and data regarding novel cephalosporins (i.e., ceftobiprole, ceftaroline, ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftazidime/avibactam, and cefiderocol) within septic and bacteremic subjects are rising. These compounds generally offer very promising in vitro microbiological susceptibility, although the variability among gram-negative and -positive strains of different cohorts is noticed in the literature. We require further pharmacological data to measure the best dose in order to prevent sub-therapeutic drug levels in critically ill patients. These new compounds in theory are the sparing solution in the Enterobacteriales infection group for different antimicrobial classes such as aminoglycosides notably within endovascular and GNB-bacteremias, as well as colistin and carbapenem-sparing strategies, favoring good safety profile molecules. Moreover, new cephalosporins are the basis for the actual indications to open up new and exciting prospects for serious infections in the future. In future, patients will be addressed with the desirable approach to sepsis and serious infections in terms of their clinical situation, inherent features of the host, the sensitivity profile, and local epidemiology, for which evidence of the use of new cephalosporin in the treatment of severe infections will fill the remaining gaps.

Bacterial and Viral Infections in Liver Transplantation: New Insights from Clinical and Surgical Perspectives

“…After liver transplantation, the risk of bacterial infections fluctuates over time, and clinicians should be aware of the differences between early infections (<1 month) with a high risk of community-acquired infections and latent infections in which the risk of opportunistic infections and hospital-acquired pathogens increases with prolonged immunosuppression and hospitalization ( Figure 1 ) [ 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 ].…”

Occurrence, Phenotypic and Molecular Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Healthy Turkeys in Northern Egypt

“…Ceftazidime, a third-generation cephalosporin has a high importance in human medicine and it is used to treat severe infections. It is a major concern that the use of ceftazidime in food animals can promote resistance to other cephalosporins, such as ceftriaxone, used in humans and vice versa [ 38 ]. Although cephalosporins are not approved for use in poultry, the administration of these drugs in poultry and turkey farms is an emerging problem.…”

Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Colonization and Infection in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Single-Center, Retrospective Study

“…Recently, novel beta-lactams/beta-lactams inhibitors combinations such as ceftazidime/ avibactam (C/A), meropenem/vaborbactam (M/V) and imipenem/relebactam (I/R) significantly reduced mortality patients with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections [27][28][29]. Notably, C/A is an intravenous combination of a third-generation cephalosporin with the non-β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor avibactam, with activity against ESBL-producing bacteria, P. aeruginosa, and KPC or OXA-48 carbapenemase-producing bacteria [28,29]. Sun et al reported that C/A significantly reduced short-term mortality among SOT recipients with CPE infections compared with salvage regimens [30].…”