Novel Cellular Therapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Roddy, Harriet; Meyer, Tim; Roddie, Claire

doi:10.3390/cancers14030504

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 137 publications

(151 reference statements)

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“…In this particular therapeutic modality, multiple cell types are utilized, such as cytokine-induced killer cells (CIKS), adipose- or bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as well as CAR-T cells. The use of the former notably enhances overall survival, while the lattermodality exhibits a beneficial effect on limiting the escape mechanism of the tumor [ 122 , 123 , 124 ]. Some of the potential therapeutic targets exist not only in the malignant tissue but also in the physiological, such as Glypican-3 (GPC-3), which is overexpressed in HCC and infrequently in normal tissues, as well as AFP.…”

Section: Current Immunotherapy In Hepatocellular Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy as a Therapeutic Strategy for Gastrointestinal Cancer—Current Treatment Options and Future Perspectives

Koustas

Trifylli

Sarantis

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer constitutes a highly lethal entity among malignancies in the last decades and is still a major challenge for cancer therapeutic options. Despite the current combinational treatment strategies, including chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, and targeted therapies, the survival rates remain notably low for patients with advanced disease. A better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that influence tumor progression and the development of optimal therapeutic strategies for GI malignancies are urgently needed. Currently, the development and the assessment of the efficacy of immunotherapeutic agents in GI cancer are in the spotlight of several clinical trials. Thus, several new modalities and combinational treatments with other anti-neoplastic agents have been identified and evaluated for their efficiency in cancer management, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell transfer, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, cancer vaccines, and/or combinations thereof. Understanding the interrelation among the tumor microenvironment, cancer progression, and immune resistance is pivotal for the optimal therapeutic management of all gastrointestinal solid tumors. This review will shed light on the recent advances and future directions of immunotherapy for malignant tumors of the GI system.

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Section: Current Immunotherapy In Hepatocellular Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy as a Therapeutic Strategy for Gastrointestinal Cancer—Current Treatment Options and Future Perspectives

Koustas

Trifylli

Sarantis

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…Some clinical trials involving CAR-T therapy for HCC are currently underway (Table 1). For example, a phase II trial tests how safe and effective the CAR-T cells are in targeting anti-liver cancer DR-5 antibodies in cancer patients (NCT03941626) [6]. However, due to tumor-specific antigens shortage, low efficiency in transporting and infiltrating tumor sites, immunosuppressed tumor microenvironment (TME), treatment-related toxicity and antigen escape, and so on, CAR-T therapy still has some obstacles in dealing with solid tumors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Difficulties and advance of CAR-T therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma

Zhu

2023

Second International Conference on Biological Engineering and Medical Science (ICBioMed 2022)

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Primary hepatic carcinoma belongs to the malignant tumors that appear most commonly in the world, among which hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 85%-90%, with high frequency and mortality. At present, the main treatment for liver cancer still focuses on surgical resection or transplantation. However, due to its poor recovery and easy recurrence and metastasis, it is necessary to find other adjuvant therapies based on surgical treatment to try to cure primary liver cancer. Chimeric Antigen Receptor -T cell (CAR-T) therapy is emerging immunotherapy in recent years. Constructing specific CAR structures in vitro, then directing T cells to recognize antigen in vivo, while a variety of effectors can be released to kill tumor cells through immune action. Among them, CAR-T therapy has achieved great success dealing with hematological tumors. Nevertheless, because of the heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment (TME) of solid tumors, it's difficult to use CAR-T therapy effectively in clinical treatment. Therefore, here we summarize the problems CAR-T therapy facing in curing HCC, as well as some solutions and breakthroughs, hoping to play a certain role in further applying CAR-T therapy in HCC clinical treatment in the future.

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“…1 The median age of hepatocellular carcinoma patients in China is 40 to 50 years old, and it is more common in men than in women. 2 Hepatocellular carcinoma has occult morbidity, no clinical signs and symptoms in the early stage, and has entered the late stage when it is found. 3 Alpha-fetopro-tein (AFP; a glycoprotein) belongs to the albumin family and is mainly synthesized by fetal hepatocytes and the yolk sac.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%