Novel case of an adult with toxic shock syndrome following COVID-19 infection

Feng, Yilin; Armenti, Stephen T.; Albin, Owen

doi:10.1016/j.ajoc.2020.100843

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The most common ocular manifestation of COVID-19 is hyperemia or conjunctival “congestion.“ 1 , 2 In addition, reports of central retinal vein occlusion, 3 toxic shock syndrome 4 and hemorrhages with microinfarcts have been described in COVID-19 patients. 5 To the best of our knowledge, no intraocular side effects have been reported from any of the COVID-19 vaccinations (a case of Bell's Palsy was described in a patient who received the Moderna mRNA COVID-19 vaccine).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute-onset central serous retinopathy after immunization with COVID-19 mRNA vaccine

Fowler

Martinez

Pallares

et al. 2021

American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports

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Purpose We report the case of a 33-year-old male who presented with unilateral central serous retinopathy three days after the injection of a COVID-19 vaccine. Observations A 33-year-old healthy Hispanic male referred to the ophthalmology service due to blurry vision and metamorphopsia in the right eye without any flashes, floaters, eye redness or pain. The patient reported that 69 hours prior to presentation he received the first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. He denied any past ocular history or pertinent medical history. He does not take any medicines and denies stressful factors in his life. The clinical examination and imaging tests were consistent with central serous retinopathy that resolved in three months. Conclusions and importance This is the first report of an ocular complication potentially associated with a COVID-19 vaccination. Our case contributes information of a side effect potentially related to this new vaccine.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute-onset central serous retinopathy after immunization with COVID-19 mRNA vaccine

Fowler

Martinez

Pallares

et al. 2021

American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports

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“…In this category, five patients with toxic shock syndrome presentation were mostly under the age of 50. One of the predominant characteristics of TSS is conjunctivitis and mostly appeared early in the disease course and triggered by bacterial superantigens 33 . In two cases, toxic shock syndrome was the first presentation besides the other COVID‐19 symptoms 27,32 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…One of the predominant characteristics of TSS is conjunctivitis and mostly appeared early in the disease course and triggered by bacterial superantigens. 33 In two cases, toxic shock syndrome was the first presentation besides the other COVID-19 symptoms. 27,32 IVIG and steroid appeared to produce a better response than other options.…”

Section: Toxic Shock Syndromementioning

confidence: 97%

“…Virus-related manifestations: Kawasaki-like syndrome or Toxic shock-like syndrome in the setting of COVID-19, represents Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C) in previously healthy paediatrics from 5 to 19 years. 33 In adults there was also reporting of Kawasaki-like syndrome or Toxic shock-like syndrome associated with COVID-19. In this category, five patients with toxic shock syndrome presentation were mostly under the age of 50.…”

Section: Toxic Shock Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

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Severe and life‐threatening COVID‐19‐related mucocutaneous eruptions: A systematic review

Mashayekhi

Seirafianpour

Mohammad

et al. 2021

Int J Clinical Practice

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Objectives Earlier diagnosis and the best management of virus‐related, drug‐related or mixed severe potentially life‐threatening mucocutaneous reactions of COVID‐19 patients are of great concern. These patients, especially hospitalised cases, are usually in a complicated situation (because of multi‐organ failures), which makes their management more challenging. In such consultant cases, achieving by the definite beneficial management strategies that therapeutically address all concurrent comorbidities are really hard to reach or even frequently impossible. Methods According to the lack of any relevant systematic review, we thoroughly searched the databases until 5 October 2020 and finally found 57 articles including 93 patients. It is needed to know clinical presentations of these severe skin eruptions, signs and symptoms of COVID in these patients, time of skin rash appearance, classifying drug‐related or virus‐related skin lesions, classifying the type of skin rash, patients’ outcome and concurrent both COVID‐19 therapy and skin rash treatment. Result Severe and potential life‐threatening mucocutaneous dermatologic manifestations of COVID‐19 usually may be divided into three major categories: virus‐associated, drug‐associated, and those with uncertainty about the exact origin. Angioedema, vascular lesions, toxic shock syndrome, erythroderma, DRESS, haemorrhagic bulla, AGEP, EM, SJS and TEN, generalised pustular figurate erythema were the main entities found as severe dermatologic reactions in all categories. Conclusion We can conclude vascular injuries may be the most common cause of severe dermatologic manifestations of COVID‐19, which is concordant with many proposed hypercoagulation tendencies and systemic inflammatory response syndrome as one of the most important pathomechanisms of COVID‐19 so the skin may show these features in various presentations and degrees.

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“…Conjunctivitis is also one of the symptoms of the multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) following COVID-19 in children (26). However, cases of conjunctivitis with Kawasaki-like and toxic shock syndromes in adults have also been reported (27,28).…”

Section: Conjunctivitismentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Related Eye Manifestations: A Narrative Review

Alizadeh

Medghalchi

Moghaddam

et al. 2022

JPR

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected human beings in many ways. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in conjunctival cells and its secretion has been reported in the literature. In addition, there were significant reports of ocular complications that coincide with COVID-19 disease. This study aims to evaluate the COVID-19 symptoms associated with ocular manifestations. Context: Evidence Acquisition: We conducted a literature search with the keywords of “SARS-CoV-2,” “COVID-19,” “nCoV-19,” “SARS,” “MERS,” and “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2” combined with key terms of “eye,” “ocular,” “ophthalmologic,” “ophthalmic,” “conjunctivitis,” “conjunctiva,” “uveitis,” “optic,” “retina,” “retinitis,” “cornea,” “scleritis,” and “glaucoma” in LitCovid hub, PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Sciences, Cochrane, and Embase databases, as well as non-review articles. Results: The COVID-19 pandemic and its lockdown has drastically changed people’s lifestyles and health. The pandemic has also affected medical performance in various fields, including ophthalmology. This study summarized some findings in several areas of ophthalmology, including: 1) The surface of the eye (conjunctivae, cornea), 2) Intraocular manifestations (uveitis, retinitis), 3) Neurological features of the eye, 4) COVID-related ocular coagulopathy (retinal vein occlusion), 5) Ophthalmological follow-up failure due to lockdown, 6) Rare manifestations, and 7) Diagnostic and protective measures. Data collection about the ophthalmological experience was done during this respiratory viral infection pandemic, and the most relevant literature was reviewed. Conclusions: Data findings showed a wide range of ocular manifestations and complications associated with COVID-19 and its pandemic. Conjunctivitis is the most common ocular manifestation of COVID-19.

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Novel case of an adult with toxic shock syndrome following COVID-19 infection

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Acute-onset central serous retinopathy after immunization with COVID-19 mRNA vaccine

Acute-onset central serous retinopathy after immunization with COVID-19 mRNA vaccine

Severe and life‐threatening COVID‐19‐related mucocutaneous eruptions: A systematic review

COVID-19 Related Eye Manifestations: A Narrative Review

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