Novel biomimetic tripolymer scaffolds consisting of chitosan, collagen type 1, and hyaluronic acid for bone marrow‐derived human mesenchymal stem cells‐based bone tissue engineering

Abstract

Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are an ideal osteogenic cell source for bone tissue engineering (BTE). A scaffold, in the context of BTE, is the extracellular matrix (ECM) that provides the unique microenvironment and play significant role in regulating cell behavior, differentiation, and development in an in vitro culture system. In this study, we have developed novel biomimetic tripolymer scaffolds for BTE using an ECM protein, collagen type 1; an ECM glycosaminoglycan, hyaluronic acid; and a natural osteoconductive polymer, chitosan. The scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and swelling ratio. The scaffolds were seeded with hMSCs and tested for cytocompatibility and osteogenic potential. The scaffolds supported cell adhesion, enhanced cell proliferation, promoted cell migration, showed good cell viability, and osteogenic potential. The cells were able to migrate out from the scaffolds in favorable conditions. SEM, alkaline phosphatase assay, and immunofluorescent staining confirmed the differentiation of hMSCs to osteogenic lineage in the scaffolds. In conclusion, we have successfully developed biomimetic scaffolds that supported the proliferation and differentiation of hMSCs. These scaffolds hold great promise as a cell-delivery vehicle for regenerative therapies and as a support system for enhancing bone regeneration.

Bone Healing Improvements Using Hyaluronic Acid and Hydroxyapatite/Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate in Combination: An Animal Study

“…However, the difference between ratios was 1.25 at week 4. This phenomenon confirmed the results of previous studies which indicated that the positive effect of HLA on bone healing is seen at an early healing period because HLA is one of the components of the extracellular matrix that serves as a scaffold for mesenchymal cell migration [23]. This effect induced the mesenchymal cells to differentiate, proliferate [11, 24], and migrate [25] which induced growth of osteoblasts and osteocytes at the early healing stage.…”

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Mechanisms by Which Mesenchymal Stem Cells Suppress the Immune System

“…Moreover, given the importance the ECM plays on the tissue microenvironment, many groups are developing HA-based tissue scaffolds to use as a means of MSC delivery, which increase transplantation success. 90,91 Therefore, the development of HA-based cell-delivery vehicles for regenerative therapies is an exciting, growing field with prospects of increasing transplantation efficiency. TSG-6 has recently been suggested as a biomarker for predicting the efficacy of MSCs for treating sterile inflammatory models of corneal injury.…”

Biomimetic cartilage scaffold with orientated porous structure of two factors for cartilage repair of knee osteoarthritis

“…Each zone is maintained by a unique combination of cellular, biomolecular, mechanical, and physical factors. Enzymatic degradation of extracellular matrix, deficient new matrix formation, cell death and hypertrophic differentiation of cartilage cells would lead to arthritis Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) [5,6]. Hence, the treatment of KOA is still a critical and urgent problem in orthopaedic treatment worldwide.…”