Novel Biomaterials with Parallel Aligned Pore Channels by Directed Ionotropic Gelation of Alginate: Mimicking the Anisotropic Structure of Bone Tissue

Despang, Florian; Dittrich, R.; Gelinsky, Michael

doi:10.5772/13709

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…7 The interest for these structures has been enduring due to its potential application in the area of tissue engineering. 7,24,25 However, the mechanism of capillary formation is still not fully understood. The most developed approach in modelling the behaviour is by Kohler and co-workers, 26,27 where a Rayleigh-Benard like instability is used to explain the existence and propagation of the capillaries as gel formation progresses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural, mechanical and mass transport properties of isotropic and capillary alginate gels

Schuster¹,

Eckardt²,

Hermansson³

et al. 2014

Soft Matter

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Macroscopically homogeneous and inhomogeneous calcium alginate gels are formed via internal or external addition of various amounts of calcium to an alginate solution. The externally formed gels contain parallel aligned capillary structures. The mechanical and mass transport properties and the microstructure of the differently set gels were characterized by rheological measurements, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM images show a zone of distorted anisotropic gel structure in the vicinity of the capillaries as well as indications of a lower degree of void connectivity. The diffusion rates of dextran at large distances from the capillaries were fast and capillary gels showed a plastic behaviour in comparison to the internally set gels. The results presented show large functional differences between the internally and externally set gels, which cannot be explained by the presence of capillaries alone.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural, mechanical and mass transport properties of isotropic and capillary alginate gels

Schuster¹,

Eckardt²,

Hermansson³

et al. 2014

Soft Matter

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show abstract

“…These mechanisms are both dominated by viscoelastic properties of the systems. The gels with multi-channel structures have been potential candidates for biomimetic, functional cell scaffold materials [12,13,43,44].…”

Section: Types Of Structure Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alginate [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Alginate, a polysaccharide mainly extracted from brown algae, is a linear copolymer composed of β-D-mannuronic acid (M in Fig. 5 (a)) and α-L-guluronic acid (G in Fig.…”

Section: Specific Nature Of Various Biopolymer Gels Induced By Diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure formation in biopolymer gels induced by diffusion of gelling factors

et al. 2018

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When biopolymer solutions come in contact with a coagulation bath containing a gelling factor such as ions, chemical crosslinkers, and pH conditioners, diffusion of the gelling factor through the contact interface into the polymer solutions induces gelation, which proceeds gradually in a direction along the diffusion of the gelling factor. In this directional gelation process, characteristic structures are frequently formed in the biopolymer gels. This review presents general features of the structure formation by the diffusion of the gelling factors and some specific examples for typical biopolymers.

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“…The scaffolds consisted of a mineralized alginate layer for the bony part and a non‐mineralized alginate layer for the chondral part and were fabricated by applying the principle of diffusion‐controlled, directed ionotropic gelation of alginate. This phenomenon was discovered in the 1950s by Thiele and Hallich () and has been used in recent decades for several new biomaterial developments (Despang et al ., ). During ionotropic gelation, parallel orientated channel‐like pores are formed that run through the whole scaffold.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cell-laden biphasic scaffolds with anisotropic structure for the regeneration of osteochondral tissue

Schütz

Despang

Lode

et al. 2014

J Tissue Eng Regen Med

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Sufficient treatment of chondral and osteochondral defects to restore function of the respective tissue remains challenging in regenerative medicine. Biphasic scaffolds that mimic properties of bone and cartilage are appropriate to regenerate both tissues at the same time. The present study describes the development of biphasic, but monolithic scaffolds based on alginate, which are suitable for embedding of living cells in the chondral part. Scaffolds are fabricated under sterile and cell-compatible conditions according to the principle of diffusion-controlled, directed ionotropic gelation, which leads to the formation of channel-like, parallel aligned pores, running through the whole length of the biphasic constructs. The synthesis process leads to an anisotropic structure, as it is found in many natural tissues. The two different layers of the scaffolds are characterized by different microstructure and mechanical properties which provide a suitable environment for cells to form the respective tissue. Human chondrocytes and human mesenchymal stem cells were embedded within the chondral layer of the biphasic scaffolds during hydrogel formation and their chondrogenic (re)differentiation was successfully induced. Whereas viability of non-induced human mesenchymal stem cells decreased during culture, cell viability of human chondrocytes and chondrogenically induced human mesenchymal stem cells remained high within the scaffolds over the whole culture period of 3 weeks, demonstrating successful fabrication of cell-laden centimetre-scaled constructs for potential application in regenerative treatment of osteochondral defects. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Novel Biomaterials with Parallel Aligned Pore Channels by Directed Ionotropic Gelation of Alginate: Mimicking the Anisotropic Structure of Bone Tissue

Cited by 9 publications

References 61 publications

Microstructural, mechanical and mass transport properties of isotropic and capillary alginate gels

Microstructural, mechanical and mass transport properties of isotropic and capillary alginate gels

Structure formation in biopolymer gels induced by diffusion of gelling factors

Cell-laden biphasic scaffolds with anisotropic structure for the regeneration of osteochondral tissue

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