Novel bioethanol production processes and purification technology using membranes

Bioethanol Production: An Overview

“…Some examples of different microorganisms used in fermentation of simple sugars and their respective ethanol yields at varying operating conditions are presented in Table 2. As can be seen, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae 3013 followed by Zymomonas Mobilis ZMA7-2 gave the maximum ethanol yield [33].…”

“…This is a biological process that involves the conversion of the monomeric units of sugars obtained from the hydrolysis step into ethanol, acids and gases using microorganisms such as yeast, fungi or bacteria (see Eq. (2)) [1,33]. The most commonly used microorganism is yeast especially Saccharomyces cerevisiae due to high yield of ethanol and high tolerance limits [34].…”

“…Here the saccharification of cellulose and the fermentation of monomeric sugars are carried out in the same reactor simultaneously [45]. Since the hydrolysate is simultaneously used for fermentation, the usual inhibition of the cellulase activities Effects of microorganisms on the yield of ethanol under varying operating conditions [33].…”

“…This involves combining one or more processes in the bioethanol production processes from the lignocellulosic biomass for the purpose of optimization, resulting to the increase in yield and minimum production cost [33]. An example of IP is membrane reactor where both reaction and separation of products occur simultaneously [33]. The hydrolysis and fermentation processes can be integrated into separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF).…”

Advances and Perspectives of H2 Production from NH3 Decomposition in Membrane Reactors

“…Compared to pure Pd, they showed higher permeation rates of hydrogen due to the higher diffusivity of atomic hydrogen compared to pure Pd . Moreover, while Pd membranes suffer from hydrogen embrittlement at temperatures and pressures lower than 300 °C and 2 MPa, respectively, − as well as from the formation of defects causing a reduction in perm-selectivity at temperatures higher than 550 °C, , Pd-alloy membranes show higher thermal and chemical stability.…”