Novel Biodegradable Nanoparticulate Chain-End Functionalized Polyhydroxybutyrate–Caffeic Acid with Multifunctionalities for Active Food Coatings

Abstract

The bioactivities of polyhydroxyalkanoates have been curtailed owing to the lack of bioactive functional groups in their backbones. In this regard, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) produced from new locally isolated Bacillus nealsonii ICRI16 was chemically modified for enhancing its functionality, stability as well as solubility. First, PHB was transformed to PHB-diethanolamine (PHB-DEA) by transamination. Subsequently, for the first time, the chain ends of the polymer were substituted by caffeic acid molecules (CafA), generating novel PHB-DEA-CafA. The chemical structure of such a polymer was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR). The modified polyester demonstrated improved thermal behavior compared to PHB-DEA as was shown by thermogravimetric analysis, derivative thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry analyses. Interestingly, 65% of PHB-DEA-CafA was biodegraded in a clay soil environment after 60 days at 25 °C, while 50% of PHB was degraded within the same period. On another avenue, PHB-DEA-CafA nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully prepared with an impressive mean particle size of 223 ± 0.12 nm and high colloidal stability. The nanoparticulate polyester had powerful antioxidant capacity with an IC 50 of 32.2 mg/mL, which was the result of CafA loading in the polymer chain. More importantly, the NPs had a considerable effect on the bacterial behavior of four food pathogens, inhibiting 98 ± 0.12% of Listeria monocytogenes DSM 19094 after 48 h of exposure. Finally, the raw polish sausage coated with NPs had a significantly lower bacterial count of 2.11 ± 0.21 log cfu/g in comparison to other groups. When all these positive features are recognized, the polyester described herein could be considered as a good candidate for commercial active food coatings.

Sustainable Synthesis of Biopolymer Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from Agro-residue by Brevibacterium casei with Emphasis on Degradation Analysis

“…The melting temperature (T m ) observed in the study performed by Tripathi et al, 45 exhibited that PHB obtained from chloroformhypochlorite extraction was found to be 179°C. According to reports by Abdelmalek et al, 46 the TGA profiles indicate that the maximum degradation temperature for PHB is 290°C. This process involves the cleavage of C-O and CP%O bonds, along with the breakdown of crystalline regions.…”

Sustainable Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production from Food Waste via Bacillus mycoides ICRI89: Enhanced 3D Printing with Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Blend

“…A 3.0 mg amount of each sample was placed in an aluminium pan and heated at a rate of 10 • C/min from −10 • C to 200 • C for DSC analysis. The point of inflection in the DSC curve between the onset and offset temperatures reveals the glass transition temperature and the melting point, which was reported as the endothermic event's peak temperature [35].…”

Synthesis of fully bio-based poly (3-hydroxybutyrate)-oligo-2-ethyl oxazoline conjugates

“…PHB modification reactions are important to prepare new PHB derivatives for some industrial and medical applications ( Hazer, 2010 ; Hazer et al, 2012 ; Guennec et al, 2021 ). Some of them are halide derivatives ( Arkin and Hazer, 2002 ; Yalcin et al, 2006 ; Erol et al, 2020 ), chitosan derivatives ( Arslan et al, 2007 ), diethanol amine derivatives ( Tuzen et al, 2016 ), trithiocarbonate derivatives ( Hazer et al, 2020 ), methyl salicylate derivatives ( Hazer et al, 2021 ), ricinoleic acid derivatives ( Ullah et al, 2024 ), PEG derivatives ( Hazer et al, 1999 ; Wadhwa et al, 2014 ), and caffeic acid derivatives ( Abdelmalek et al, 2023 ).…”

“…PHB is a commercially available biodegradable natural aliphatic polyester for some biomedical applications, such as implant biomaterials, tissue engineering, and food packaging applications ( Chen and Zhang, 2018 ; Mehrpouya et al, 2021 ; Abdelmalek et al, 2023 ). PHB derivatives can be used as novel biodegradable adsorbents for analytical applications ( Wadhwa et al, 2014 ; Unsal et al, 2015 ; Tuzen et al, 2016 ; Altunay et al, 2020 ; Ullah et al, 2024 ; Ali et al, 2024 ) for drug delivery systems ( Bayram et al, 2008 ; Kılıcay et al, 2011 ; Kilicay et al, 2024 ).…”