Novel Bioactive Natural Products Isolated from Madagascar Plants and Marine Organisms (2009–2017)

Abstract

Madagascar's rain forests and tropical dry forests are home to numerous endemic plant species and the island is considered a biodiversity hotspot. About 80% of the Madagascan (Malagasy) population relies on traditional medicines that have been proven to contain a variety of biologically active compounds. In the search for bioactive compounds from Madagascan biodiversity, we accessed and collected most of the literature dealing with the isolation, structure elucidation, and biological activities of organic small molecules originating from Madagascan plants and marine organisms. Since we published the first review of this work in 2009 (Curr. Med. Chem., 17, 2010, Hou and Harinantenaina), the present paper covers the isolation, structures, and bioactivity of 182 new secondary metabolites isolated from Malagasy higher plants and marine organisms in the last seven years (2009-2017).

Bioactive Compounds and In Vitro Antioxidant and Anticoccidial Activities of Opuntia ficus-indica Flower Extracts

“…In addition, another study suggested the use of a combination of plant extract multi-compounds induces a good response, as an immunostimulatory effect, to destroy the oocyst of Eimeria or interfere with their life cycle [ 61 ]. It has also been reported in the literature that phenolic components demonstrate a wide range of biological properties, such as antibacterial, anticancer, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties [ 62 , 63 , 64 ]. In another research, Zaman et al [ 65 ] demonstrated in vivo anticoccidial effects of different concentrations of a complex based on four plants, including Plantsirachta indica and Nicotiana tabacum leaves, Calotropis procera flowers, and Trachyspermum ammi seeds in broiler chickens in comparison with the amprolium standard anticoccidial drug.…”

In Vitro Anticoccidial Activity of Olive Pulp (Olea europaea L. var. Chemlal) Extract Against Eimeria Oocysts in Broiler Chickens

“…As described before in several studies, the phenolic components (flavonoids, flavonoids, phenolic acid, tannins, etc.) revealed a wide range of biological properties such as antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory [41][42][43][44][45]. These compounds or secondary metabolites particularly possess also anti-protozoan activities, especially against Plasmodium, Leishmania and Trypanosoma spp.…”