Novel ballistic ramie fabric composite competing with Kevlar™ fabric in multilayered armor

Monteiro, Sérgio Neves; Milanezi, Thiago Lara; Louro, Luiz Henrique L.; Lima, Enrique Luis; Braga, Fábio de Oliveira; Gomes, Alaelson Vieira; Drelich, Jaroslaw

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2016.02.024

Cited by 99 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…7(a) the small white particles of ceramic covering the fracture surface. This is an indication of a mechanism associated with the capture of fragments from the front ceramic, as previously reported for other natural fiber composites as MAS second layer [13][14][15][16][17][18] . Evidence of coir fiber pullout is depicted in Fig 7 (b).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…In principle, the recognized mechanisms are stretching, delamination and rupture of fibers [13][14][15][16][17][18] . However, another efficient mechanism of energy dissipation is the capture of fragments resulting from the shatter of the first layer 27 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polymer based composites reinforced with natural fibers have been ballistic tested as possible application in armors [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] . Recently the use of natural fabrics, fabricated from lignocellulosic fibers, as polymer composite reinforcement to be applied in MAS second layer was investigated 17,18 . In addition to much lower cost in comparison to synthetic aramid or UHMWPE fibers, natural fibers and fabrics are sustainable and neutral with respect to CO 2 emission responsible for global warming [19][20][21][22][23] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ballistic Application of Coir Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composite in Multilayered Armor

et al. 2017

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Multilayered armor systems (MAS) composed of relatively lighter materials with capacity to provide personal ballistic protection are being extensively investigated and used in armor vests. A typical MAS to stand high impact energy 7.62 mm bullet has a front ceramic followed by an aramid fabric laminate, such as Kevlar™. Since both the army and municipal police personnel might need to wear an armor vest, a large number of vests needs to be supplied. In the case of Kevlar™, one of the most expensive MAS material with an expiration time of 5 years, the possibility of its replacement by an equally ballistic efficient low cost material and more durable could be a relevant economical advantage. Natural fibers composites have recently been investigated as possible alternatives for Kevlar™. In particular, the fiber extracted from the coconut fruit, known as coir fiber, normally disposed as waste, could be a low cost material for this purpose. Therefore, the present work investigated the possibility of using coir fiber mantle, with different volume fraction, reinforcing epoxy composites as MAS second layer. It was found that 30 vol% of coir fiber composite displayed similar ballistic performance as compared to Kevlar™ with substantial economical advantage.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ballistic Application of Coir Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composite in Multilayered Armor

et al. 2017

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“…In particular, investigations on the ballistic performance of natural fiber composites are, since 2001, also following this tendency [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] . More recently, specific works [18][19][20][21][22][23] were published on the ballistic performance of natural fibers reinforced polymeric composites. The ballistic performance was evaluated in standard tests 24 against high energy 7.62 mm ammunition by measuring the depth of indentation produced in clay witness simulating a human body behind the MAS.…”

Section: Güven Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Curaua 20,23 , bamboo 19 and sisal 21 fibers composites were tested as components of a multilayered system (MAS) with a front ceramic Other works on MAS and related mechanisms of ballistic protection have been presented since last decade [25][26] . In addition to loose and continuous natural fibers in the composite [19][20][21][22] , natural fabrics, made of jute 18 and ramie 22 fibers, reinforced polymer matrix composites were also similarly investigated. All these specific works concluded that natural fiber or natural fabric composites present a ballistic performance comparable to the conventional aramid fabric laminate composite…”

Section: Güven Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Ballistic Performance of Mallow and Jute Natural Fabrics Reinforced Epoxy Composites in Multilayered Armor

et al. 2017

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Natural fiber reinforced polymer composites have recently been investigated as a component of multilayered armor system (MAS). These composites were found to present advantages when replacing conventional high strength synthetic aramid fabric laminate composite (Kevlar TM , with same thickness, as MAS second layer. Continuous and loose natural fibers were up to now mostly used to reinforce these ballistic composites. Only two natural fabrics reinforced polymer composite were so far used with same purpose. Therefore, this work investigated the possibility of substituting Kevlar TM for three other natural fabrics, based on mallow and jute fibers, as reinforcement of epoxy composites. Fabrics made of either pure mallow, or 70%mallow/30% jute or 50%mallow/50% jute fibers were separately mixed with epoxy to produce laminate composite plates. These plates were set as second layer of Al 2 O 3 /Nb 2 O 5 front ceramic MAS, that were ballistic tested against relatively high energy 7.62 mm ammunition. Indentation depth values caused by the bullet penetration in clay witness, simulating human body behind the MAS, were always found to be below the safety standard limit. These indentation values were similar to those obtained in MAS with Kevlar TM as second layer. However, significant economical advantages favor the investigated natural fabric composites over the synthetic Kevlar.

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Ballistic impact resistance and flexural performance of natural basalt fiber with carbon and glass fibers in inter‐ply hybrid composites

Doğru,

Yeter,

Göv

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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The ballistic and flexural behaviors of basalt (natural fabric), carbon, glass fiber, and their hybrid composites, were investigated in this study. The main objective of the paper was the addition of natural basalt fiber to the carbon and glass fibers with inter‐ply hybrid sequences to search for possible usage to the ballistic loads carrying structures. The composite and hybrid composite plates produced nine layers with cross‐ply stacking sequences ([0/90]9). The ballistic impact tests were conducted using a specially designed ballistic test setup and the flexural tests were performed through the standard three‐point bending test. The results showed that basalt/epoxy absorbed the most energy under ballistic loading among all models. It was observed that the basalt‐glass‐basalt/epoxy (BGB) hybrid composite had an energy absorption capacity very close to the basalt/epoxy composite. When BGB and carbon‐glass‐carbon/epoxy (CGC) hybrid models were compared, the energy absorption capacity of CGC was 62.7% less than BGB. Unlike the ballistic test result, basalt/epoxy had the lowest flexural strength, while carbon/epoxy had the highest flexural strength. Among the hybrid models, it was seen that BGB had the lowest flexural strength, while CGC had the highest flexural strength. The flexural strength of the CGC is 38% higher than BGB. The study found that basalt fiber has high ballistic resistance, whether alone or when combined with commonly used fibers. It also suggests that basalt fiber is a promising candidate for future research and development in the field of protective materials.Highlights Basalt (natural fabric) composite materials behavior. Hybridization of basalt with carbon and glass. Target plates damage resistance according to applied ballistic loads. Target plates damage resistance according to applied flexural loads. Non‐hybrid and hybrid composites plates comparisons.

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Novel ballistic ramie fabric composite competing with Kevlar™ fabric in multilayered armor

Cited by 99 publications

References 9 publications

Ballistic Application of Coir Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composite in Multilayered Armor

Ballistic Application of Coir Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composite in Multilayered Armor

Ballistic Performance of Mallow and Jute Natural Fabrics Reinforced Epoxy Composites in Multilayered Armor

Ballistic impact resistance and flexural performance of natural basalt fiber with carbon and glass fibers in inter‐ply hybrid composites

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