“…1 Cobalt (Co) is an essential trace element in the human body and is the main constituent of vitamin B 12 and plays a prominent role in the synthesis of hemoglobin, the metabolism of iron and fatty acids, and other processes. 2 However, the intake of excessive Co is harmful to human health and can cause negative effects related to heart diseases, dermatitis, asthma, gastrointestinal dysfunction, pneumonia, deafness, and even death by myocardial infarction. 3 Copper (Cu) is the third most predominant trace element in the human body and plays a critical role in many pathological and physiological processes.…”