Novel Approaches to the Study of Neonatal Infections

Borghesi, A.; Stronati, Mauro; Castagnoli, Riccardo; Ioimo, Irene; Achille, Cristian; Manzoni, Paolo; Tzialla, Chryssoula

doi:10.1055/s-0038-1639360

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Neonatal immature immunity has been implicated for the higher neonatal infection rate ( 3 ). Preterm infants, compared with term infants, showed more immature immune responses and had a higher risk of infection ( 1 , 4 , 5 ). Another risk factor was neonatal environmental exposure, such as the maternal history of exposure to infectious diseases and bacterial colonization ( 6 , 7 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality of neonatal sepsis and other neonatal infections, 1990–2019

Shen

Qian

2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundNeonatal infections, especially neonatal sepsis, are one of the major causes of incidence and mortality in pediatrics. However, the global burden of neonatal sepsis and other neonatal infections (NSNIs) remains unclear.MethodsFrom the 2019 global disease burden study, we collected annual incident cases, deaths, age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs), and age-standardized deaths rates (ASDRs) of NSNIs in the past 30 years. Analysis indicators included the percentage of relative changes in incident cases and deaths, and the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) of ASIRs and ASDRs. Correlations were assessed between the EAPCs of ASIRs and ASDRs and social evaluation indicators, including sociodemographic index (SDI) and universal health coverage index (UHCI).ResultsGlobally, the number of incident cases of NSNIs grew by 12.79% per year, and the number of deaths dropped by 12.93% per year. During this period, global ASIR of NSNIs increased by 46% annually on average, while ASDR decreased by 53% annually on average. The ASIR and ASDR of female NSNIs were consistently lower than that of male NSNIs. The EAPC of female ASIR was 0.61, nearly twice that of male ASIR, and female ASIR was growing rapidly. The same declining trends of ASDR were noted in males and females. The ASIR of NSNIs in high-SDI regions grew by an average of 14% annually from 1990 to 2019. Except for high-SDI regions, the ASIRs of other 4 SDI regions maintained a rising trend at a high level, and were improved in the past 10 years. The ASDRs of all 5 SDI regions generally showed a downward trend. The region with the highest ASIR of NSNIs was Andean Latin America, and Western Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest mortality. We found a negative correlation between EAPCs of ASDRs and UHCI in 2019.ConclusionThe global health situation was still not optimal. The incidence of NSNIs remained high, and continues to rise. The mortality of NSNIs has decreased, especially in the countries/territories with high UHCI. Therefore, it is crucial to improve the overall awareness and management of NSNIs, and take interventions for NSNIs worldwide.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality of neonatal sepsis and other neonatal infections, 1990–2019

Shen

Qian

2023

Front. Public Health

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“…The immaturity of newborns (so defined in the first 28 days of life) is linked to more immature immune responses, explaining their vulnerability to pathogens [ 6 , 7 ], which contributes to the occurrence of healthcare-associated infections. Invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures represent additional risk factors for pathogenetic NICU patients [ 6 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Contamination in Hospital Environment Has the Potential to Colonize Preterm Newborns’ Nasal Cavities

et al. 2021

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Infants born before 28 weeks are at risk of contracting healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), which could be caused by pathogens residing on contaminated hospital surfaces. In this longitudinal study, we characterized by NGS the bacterial composition of nasal swabs of preterm newborns, at the time of birth and after admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), comparing it with that of the environmental wards at the time of delivery and during the hospitalization. We characterized the resistome on the samples too. The results showed that environmental microorganisms responsible for HAIs, in particular Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Escherichia-Shigella spp., and K. pneumoniae, were detected in higher percentages in the noses of the babies after 13 days of hospitalization, in terms of the number of colonized patients, microorganism amount, and relative abundance. The analysis of nasal bacteria resistome evidenced the absence of resistance genes at the time of birth, some of which appeared and increased after the admission in the NICU. These data suggest that hospital surface microbiota might be transported to respiratory mucosae or other profound tissues. Our study highlights the importance of a screening that allows characterizing the microbial profile of the environment to assess the risk of colonization of the newborn.

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