Novel Approaches to Improve Cellulase Biosynthesis for Biofuel Production – Adjusting Signal Transduction Pathways in the Biotechnological Workhorse Trichoderma reesei

Tisch, Doris; Schmoll, Monika

doi:10.5772/16404

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…We therefore analyzed the transcript abundances of three of the most important transcription factor genes with respect to regulation of cellulase gene expression, ace1, ace2, and xyr1, in light and darkness. Interestingly, all three transcription factors have cAMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation sites and, additionally, several casein kinase II and protein kinase C phosphorylation sites (71).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of Protein Kinase A and Adenylate Cyclase in Light-Modulated Cellulase Regulation in Trichoderma reesei

Schuster

Tisch

Seidl‐Seiboth

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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101

100

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ABSTRACTThe cyclic AMP (cAMP) pathway represents a central signaling cascade with crucial functions in all organisms. Previous studies ofTrichoderma reesei(anamorph ofHypocrea jecorina) suggested a function of cAMP signaling in regulation of cellulase gene expression. We were therefore interested in how the crucial components of this pathway, adenylate cyclase (ACY1) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), would affect cellulase gene expression. We found that both ACY1 and PKA catalytic subunit 1 (PKAC1) are involved in regulation of vegetative growth but are not essential for sexual development. Interestingly, our results showed considerably increased transcript abundance of cellulase genes in darkness compared to light (light responsiveness) upon growth on lactose. This effect is strongly enhanced in mutant strains lacking PKAC1 or ACY1. Comparison to the wild type showed that ACY1 has a consistently positive effect on cellulase gene expression in light and darkness, while PKAC1 influences transcript levels of cellulase genes positively in light but negatively in darkness. A function of PKAC1 in light-modulated cellulase gene regulation is also reflected by altered complex formation within thecel6a/cbh2promoter in light and darkness and in the absence ofpkac1. Analysis of transcript levels of cellulase regulator genes indicates that the regulatory output of the cAMP pathway may be established via adjustment of XYR1 abundance. Consequently, both adenylate cyclase and protein kinase A are involved in light-modulated cellulase gene expression inT. reeseiand have a dampening effect on the light responsiveness of this process.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of Protein Kinase A and Adenylate Cyclase in Light-Modulated Cellulase Regulation in Trichoderma reesei

Schuster

Tisch

Seidl‐Seiboth

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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101

100

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“…Using resources available for N. crassa together with extensive information about cellulose degradation in T. reesei [68,70,71], we aimed in this study to obtain a more detailed understanding of the physiology of cellulase gene expression across fungi. We show that photoreceptors not only modulate cellulase gene expression in T. reesei [25,26,72] but also in N. crassa .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling the molecular basis for light modulated cellulase gene expression - the role of photoreceptors in Neurospora crassa

et al. 2012

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BackgroundLight represents an important environmental cue, which exerts considerable influence on the metabolism of fungi. Studies with the biotechnological fungal workhorse Trichoderma reesei (Hypocrea jecorina) have revealed an interconnection between transcriptional regulation of cellulolytic enzymes and the light response. Neurospora crassa has been used as a model organism to study light and circadian rhythm biology. We therefore investigated whether light also regulates transcriptional regulation of cellulolytic enzymes in N. crassa.ResultsWe show that the N. crassa photoreceptor genes wc-1, wc-2 and vvd are involved in regulation of cellulase gene expression, indicating that this phenomenon is conserved among filamentous fungi. The negative effect of VVD on production of cellulolytic enzymes is thereby accomplished by its role in photoadaptation and hence its function in White collar complex (WCC) formation. In contrast, the induction of vvd expression by the WCC does not seem to be crucial in this process. Additionally, we found that WC-1 and WC-2 not only act as a complex, but also have individual functions upon growth on cellulose.ConclusionsGenome wide transcriptome analysis of photoreceptor mutants and evaluation of results by analysis of mutant strains identified several candidate genes likely to play a role in light modulated cellulase gene expression. Genes with functions in amino acid metabolism, glycogen metabolism, energy supply and protein folding are enriched among genes with decreased expression levels in the wc-1 and wc-2 mutants. The ability to properly respond to amino acid starvation, i. e. up-regulation of the cross pathway control protein cpc-1, was found to be beneficial for cellulase gene expression. Our results further suggest a contribution of oxidative depolymerization of cellulose to plant cell wall degradation in N. crassa.

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“…The A. nidulans homolog of CK1a, CkiA, was found to be essential and involved in amino acid utilization and resistance to toxic amino acid analogs, which is likely due to a mislocalization of amino acid transporters (754). Amino acid utilization and metabolism were shown to be connected to regulation of plant cell wall degradation in T. reesei and N. crassa (351,415,(755)(756)(757). Consequently, an involvement of casein kinases of class I in regulation of plant cell wall-degrading enzyme production via adjustment of amino acid metabolism warrants further investigation.…”

Section: Protein Kinasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genomes of Three Uneven Siblings: Footprints of the Lifestyles of Three Trichoderma Species

Schmoll

Dattenböck

Carreras-Villaseñor

et al. 2016

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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163

195

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SUMMARYThe genusTrichodermacontains fungi with high relevance for humans, with applications in enzyme production for plant cell wall degradation and use in biocontrol. Here, we provide a broad, comprehensive overview of the genomic content of these species for “hot topic” research aspects, including CAZymes, transport, transcription factors, and development, along with a detailed analysis and annotation of less-studied topics, such as signal transduction, genome integrity, chromatin, photobiology, or lipid, sulfur, and nitrogen metabolism inT. reesei,T. atroviride, andT. virens, and we open up new perspectives to those topics discussed previously. In total, we covered more than 2,000 of the predicted 9,000 to 11,000 genes of eachTrichodermaspecies discussed, which is >20% of the respective gene content. Additionally, we considered available transcriptome data for the annotated genes. Highlights of our analyses include overall carbohydrate cleavage preferences due to the different genomic contents and regulation of the respective genes. We found light regulation of many sulfur metabolic genes. Additionally, a new Golgi 1,2-mannosidase likely involved inN-linked glycosylation was detected, as were indications for the ability ofTrichodermaspp. to generate hybrid galactose-containingN-linked glycans. The genomic inventory of effector proteins revealed numerous compounds unique toTrichoderma, and these warrant further investigation. We found interesting expansions in theTrichodermagenus in several signaling pathways, such as G-protein-coupled receptors, RAS GTPases, and casein kinases. A particularly interesting feature absolutely unique toT. atrovirideis the duplication of the alternative sulfur amino acid synthesis pathway.

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Novel Approaches to Improve Cellulase Biosynthesis for Biofuel Production – Adjusting Signal Transduction Pathways in the Biotechnological Workhorse Trichoderma reesei

Cited by 9 publications

References 132 publications

Roles of Protein Kinase A and Adenylate Cyclase in Light-Modulated Cellulase Regulation in Trichoderma reesei

Roles of Protein Kinase A and Adenylate Cyclase in Light-Modulated Cellulase Regulation in Trichoderma reesei

Unravelling the molecular basis for light modulated cellulase gene expression - the role of photoreceptors in Neurospora crassa

The Genomes of Three Uneven Siblings: Footprints of the Lifestyles of Three Trichoderma Species

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