Novel Approaches in the Design of Donor-Acceptor Oligomeric and Polymeric Materials for Photovoltaic Applications: D/A Blend versus Self-assembly of D/A by Covalent or Non-Covalent Interaction

Improved All-Polymer Solar Cell Performance of n-Type Naphthalene Diimide–Bithiophene P(NDI2OD-T2) Copolymer by Incorporation of Perylene Diimide as Coacceptor

“…The research based on solution processable organic bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells is progressing very fast. Continuous efforts have been made to increase the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of BHJ solar cell via development in both the active layer material design (n-type and p-type) and the device engineering. − In all-polymer BHJ solar cells (PSCs), both components of the active layer, i.e., electron donor and acceptor, are polymeric semiconductors which have potential advantages over the extensively studied donor polymer/acceptor fullerene composite solar cells. , Although significant progress has been made in the development of polymer/fullerene composite solar cell in terms of their high device efficiency over >9%, the use of fullerene acceptor (PC 61 BM and PC 71 BM) has some disadvantages like relatively weak absorption ability in the visible region, high cost of synthesis, and morphological instability of polymer/fullerene blend over time and temperature that limits the performance of the solar cell. − On the other hand, non-fullerene n-type polymeric acceptors have promising features such as high absorption in visible-infrared region, low cost, high thermal and photochemical stability, mechanical flexibility, and synthetic adaptability. ,,, Among the various n-type polymeric semiconductors used in all-polymer BHJ solar cells, the polymers based on the naphthalene diimide (NDI) and perylene diimide (PDI) have exhibited the most promising features. They have high electron affinity, good absorption, thermal and photochemical stability, and π-stacking behavior which facilitates favorable solid state packing. − Particularly, the low band gap core-substituted NDI donor–acceptor polymers comprised of bithiophene and selenophene donors have attracted much attention due to their high electron mobility in OFET and high PCE efficiency in solar cells. − Poly­{[ N , N ′-bis­(2-octyl­dodecyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalene­dicarboximide-2,6-diyl]- alt -5,5′-(2,2′-bithiophene)}, P­(NDI2OD-T2) (Polyera ActivInk N2200), is one of the extensively studied high performing n-type polymers reported by Facchetii et al , P­(NDI2OD-T2) polymer was extensively utilized in all-PSCs and OFET applications due to its desirable photophysical and semiconducting properties.…”

Synthesis, characterization and photovoltaic studies of oligo(acriflavine) via chemical oxidative polymerization

“…(1) Broad and strong absorption in visible and near IR region to match with solar spectrum (2) suitable LUMO energy level of acceptor and HOMO energy level of donor to maintain V oc (3) optimum morphology donor-acceptor with nanoscale phase separation within active layer which inuences J sc , V oc and FF. 60…”

Naphthalene Diimide Copolymers by Direct Arylation Polycondensation as Highly Stable Supercapacitor Electrode Materials

“…Donor–acceptor (D–A) π conjugated polymers are of great significance in optoelectronic applications since they show interesting properties like broad absorption of light covering the entire visible region, high charge carrier mobilities, etc. − The “push–pull” donor–acceptor architecture has been one of the most efficient approaches to modify or tune the bandgap of conjugated polymers. Conjugated polymers are generally synthesized by transition-metal-catalyzed polycondensation reactions like the Stille, Suzuki, etc. , However, the requirement of prefunctionalization of monomers, toxic nature of the organostannyls used in Stille coupling, and the difficulties in their purification reduce the scale-up potential of monomers prepared using these routes.…”