Novel Approach toward the Synthesis of a Phosphorus-Functionalized Polymer-Based Graphene Composite as an Efficient Flame Retardant

Abstract

In this article, we report the synthesis of polymer-functionalized graphene composites as highly potent flame retardants. Functionalized polyaniline (PANI)- and polypyrrole (PPy)-supported graphene nanocomposites were synthesized by the reaction of graphene oxide, and monomers of the above-mentioned polymers, aniline and pyrrole, respectively, in the presence of phosphoric acid. These synthesized nanocomposites show excellent flame-retardant properties when coated with cotton fabric and wood. When G-fPANI and G-fPPy solutions were coated on a cloth piece which was exposed to a flame its initial shape and size were sustained by liberating a little amount of smoke. At the initial stage, the coated cloth did not catch fire for more than 620 s (10.20 min) and 380 s (6.20 min) in case of G-fPANI and G-fPPy, respectively, whereas the use of only PANI, PPy, and GO coated on blank cloths were totally burned within 14, 10, and 10 s, respectively. Blank cloth subjected to fire was totally burned within 10 s, leaving small amounts of black mass. Flame-retardant efficiency of G-fPANI- and G-fPPy-coated cloth was confirmed by detailed flame tests such as a limiting oxygen test (LOI), vertical flammability test, and exposure to high temperature (∼1500 °C). In the case of the LOI test, G-fPANI- and G-fPPy-coated cloths show high values up to 47.6 and 41.9 indicating an excellent flame-retardant property. Like cotton fiber, wood was also used to check the flame-retardant nature of prepared nanocomposites, and it showed good results. This is the first time such a novel approach has been made to prepare polymer-functionalized graphene nanocomposites as a flame retardant for fire prevention using a simple, cost-effective route in comparison to prior work.

Remediation of Toxic Dye Pollutants by Using Graphene‐Based Adsorbents

“…When temperature was reached at 800°C, the weight loss of about 70 to 75 % was observed due to thermal decay of the carbon skeleton. [46,47] TGA of G@SiO 2 -AR ( Figure 2) and SiO 2 @AR ( Figure S2) shows a minor weight loss was observed at both the stages as compared to the GO. At 600°C, the total weight loss of about 60-65 % was observed for both the samples.…”

Synthesis and characterization of bio‐based intumescent flame retardant and its application in polyurethane

“…At 3285 cm −1 is the characteristic absorption peak of ‐OH 31 . The telescopic vibration absorption peak of C=O is at 1719 cm −1 32 . The characteristic absorption peak of ‐N=C=O at 2283 cm −1 in blank PU disappeared, 33 indicating that the isocyanate radical had completely reacted.…”

One‐Pot Synthetic Approach for Magnetically Separable Graphene Nanocomposite for Dye Degradation

“…High‐resolution C1s XPS spectra of GO displayed three components which correspond to the carbon atom in different functional groups, that is the 284.4 eV (C−C), carbon in a 286.4 eV (C=C/C−O) bonds and 288.4 eV (C=O (OH)) (Figure S1). High resolution C1s XPS spectrum of the G@PANI‐Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposite (Figure b) shows different peak at 284.6 eV (C−C), 286.2 eV showed (C−N/C=N) and 288.3 eV indicates (C=O (OH)) respectively as compared to graphene oxide. In the case of high‐resolution N1s spectrum of G@PANI‐Fe 3 O 4 shows three different peaks at 398.7 eV (=NH−), 399.5 eV (−NH−) and 400.7 eV (−NH + −) respectively (Figure c).…”

“…In the case of high‐resolution N1s spectrum of G@PANI‐Fe 3 O 4 shows three different peaks at 398.7 eV (=NH−), 399.5 eV (−NH−) and 400.7 eV (−NH + −) respectively (Figure c). The high‐resolution O1s spectrum of G@PANI‐Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposite shows a peak at 530.1 eV and 531.4 eV correspond to C−O and C=O (Figure d) respectively . XPS spectra of Fe 2p for G@PANI‐Fe 3 O 4 exhibited the characteristic of two peaks Fe2p 3/2 and Fe2p 1/2 basic level spectrum of Fe 3 O 4 , confirming two broad peaks found at 712.3 and 725.2 eV (Figure S2) respectively .…”