“…For example, the internet of things (IoT) growth reveals new vulnerabilities for intruders and other hostile actors to exploit. There are many possible vulnerabilities and techniques with billions of linked "things" installed in smart cities throughout the globe [6].…”
A smart city is where existing facilities and services are enhanced by digital technology to benefit people and companies. The most critical infrastructures in this city are interconnected. Increased data exchange across municipal domains aims to manage the essential assets, leading to more automation in city governance and optimization of the dynamic offered services. However, no clear guideline or standard exists for modeling these data flows. As a result, operators, municipalities, policymakers, manufacturers, solution providers, and vendors are forced to accept systems with limited scalability and varying needs. Nonetheless, it is critical to raise awareness about smart-city cybersecurity and implement suitable measures to safeguard citizens’ privacy and security because cyber threats seem to be well-organized, diverse, and sophisticated. This study aims to present an overview of cyber threats, attacks, and countermeasures on the primary domains of smart cities (smart government, smart mobility, smart environment, smart living, smart healthcare, smart economy, and smart people). It aims to present information extracted from the state of the art so policymakers can perceive the critical situation and simultaneously be a valuable resource for the scientific community. It also seeks to offer a structural reference model that may guide the architectural design and implementation of infrastructure upgrades linked to smart city networks.
“…For example, the internet of things (IoT) growth reveals new vulnerabilities for intruders and other hostile actors to exploit. There are many possible vulnerabilities and techniques with billions of linked "things" installed in smart cities throughout the globe [6].…”
A smart city is where existing facilities and services are enhanced by digital technology to benefit people and companies. The most critical infrastructures in this city are interconnected. Increased data exchange across municipal domains aims to manage the essential assets, leading to more automation in city governance and optimization of the dynamic offered services. However, no clear guideline or standard exists for modeling these data flows. As a result, operators, municipalities, policymakers, manufacturers, solution providers, and vendors are forced to accept systems with limited scalability and varying needs. Nonetheless, it is critical to raise awareness about smart-city cybersecurity and implement suitable measures to safeguard citizens’ privacy and security because cyber threats seem to be well-organized, diverse, and sophisticated. This study aims to present an overview of cyber threats, attacks, and countermeasures on the primary domains of smart cities (smart government, smart mobility, smart environment, smart living, smart healthcare, smart economy, and smart people). It aims to present information extracted from the state of the art so policymakers can perceive the critical situation and simultaneously be a valuable resource for the scientific community. It also seeks to offer a structural reference model that may guide the architectural design and implementation of infrastructure upgrades linked to smart city networks.
“…According to existing medical experimental reviews, the clinical use of telemedicine has been found effective in treating patients with cardiac diseases, diabetes, hypertension, and hypothermia. It has been termed "telemedicine" in the literature since the integration of mobile devices with Wearable Sensors (WS) facilitated the adaption of healthcare services from clinic-centric to patient-centric [5]. The most promising application is wireless monitoring systems for authentic-time monitoring of chronic illnesses such as cardiopulmonary disease, asthma, and heart failure in patients who are far from medical care facilities [6].…”
The rising use of mobile technology and smart gadgets in the field of health has had a significant impact on the global community. Health professionals are increasingly making use of the benefits of these technologies, resulting in a major improvement in health care both in and out of clinical settings. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a new internet revolution that is a rising research area, particularly in health care. Healthcare Monitoring Systems (HMS) have progressed rapidly as the usage of Wearable Sensors (WS) and smartphones have increased. The existing framework of conventional telemedicine's store-and-forward method has some issues, including the need for a nearby health centre with dedicated employees and medical devices to prepare patient reports. Patients' health can be continuously monitored using advanced WS that can be fitted or embedded in their bodies. This research proposes an innovative and smart HMS, which is built using recent technologies such as the IoT and Machine Learning (ML). In this study, we present an innovative and intelligent HMS based on cutting-edge technologies such as the IoT and Deep Learning (DL) + Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM). This DL + RBM model is clever enough to detect and process a patient's data using a medical Decision Support System (DSS) to determine whether the patient is suffering from a major health problem and treat it accordingly. The recommended system's behavior is increasingly investigated using a cross-validation test that determines various demographically relevant standard measures. Through a healthcare DSS, this framework is clever enough to detect and analyze a patient's data. Experiment results further reveal that the proposed system is efficient and clever enough to deliver health care. The data reported in this study demonstrate the notion. This device is a low-cost solution for people living in distant places; anyone can use it to determine if they have a major health problem and seek treatment by contacting nearby hospitals.
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