Novel angiogenesis markers as long-term prognostic factors in renal cell cancer

The prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis

“…Many markers have been examined for use as prognostic factors including VEGF and VEGF receptors (VEGFR), VEGF vascular density, CD31, CD34, carbonic anhydrase IX, and the von Hippel-Lindau pathway [12,13,20,22,[25][26][27][37][38][39]. Of these, VEGF and its receptors are among the most studied.…”

“…On the other hand, earlier studies have shown that VEGF levels were not associated with cause-specific survival [12], only provided prognostic information for patients with a good performance status (2 or 3) [13], or only identified patients with aggressive disease [40]. Another more recent study indicated that high CD31 expression was associated with significantly better survival, and that VEGFR3 had no association with survival [37]. Five studies that were included in the qualitative synthesis did not provide sufficient data for calculating a HR, and thus were not included in the meta-analysis.…”

Resistin and interleukin 6 as predictive factors for recurrence and long-term prognosis in renal cell cancer

“…Clinical stage and histological grade continue to be the most powerful independent prognostic factors, even though newer candidates for prognostic and predictive factors have been vigorously investigated [1,2]. Markers for cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and angiogenesis have shown prognostic value in earlier studies [3][4][5][6].…”

Combined Angiogenesis and Proliferation Markers' Expressions as Long-Term Prognostic Factors in Renal Cell Cancer

“…[1][2][3] Previously, several possible immunochemical markers have been studied to predict the survival of patients with RCC, but none has attained status as an independent prognostic marker. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3) is important for lymphangiogenesis in normal situations, and it is also activated in cancer and inflammation. 11 It maintains both angiogenesis and the lymphatic system, and therefore, it is considered an interesting therapeutic target.…”

“…13 Studies of VEGFR3 expression and its association with tumor stage, grade, and survival in patients with RCC have shown conflicting results. 7,9,14,15 CD31 is a member of an immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules that are expressed on the surfaces of several blood and endothelial cells. 16,17 Higher expression of CD31 has been associated with a lower tumor grade and better survival in patients with RCC, 5 and our previous study also showed an association between CD31 expression and survival but not tumor grade or stage.…”