Novel Amdovirus in Gray Foxes

Li, Linlin; Pesavento, Patricia A.; Woods, Leslie W.; Clifford, Deana L.; Luff, Jennifer; Wang, Chunlin; Delwart, Eric

doi:10.3201/eid1710.110233

Cited by 41 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In the island fox, three of four SAA isoforms, Phe6-Gly7, Val6-Gly7, Leu6-Gly7, are predicted to have higher protein aggregation propensity as compared to Val6-Ser7, which could increase their risk for developing AA amyloidosis. In contrast to the island fox, no cases of AA amyloidosis have been reported in the closest genetic relative, the mainland gray fox, which is also exposed to bacteria, viruses and parasites [47]–[51]. Since the small, isolated population of island foxes has experienced a series of bottlenecks limiting their genetic diversity [26], pathogenic mutations that increase the amyloidogenicity of the SAA protein or aberrantly elevate SAA transcription may have emerged.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic Analysis of Highly Prevalent Amyloid A Amyloidosis Endemic to Endangered Island Foxes

et al. 2014

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Amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis is a debilitating, often fatal, systemic amyloid disease associated with chronic inflammation and persistently elevated serum amyloid A (SAA). Elevated SAA is necessary but not sufficient to cause disease and the risk factors for AA amyloidosis remain poorly understood. Here we identify an extraordinarily high prevalence of AA amyloidosis (34%) in a genetically isolated population of island foxes (Urocyon littoralis) with concurrent chronic inflammatory diseases. Amyloid deposits were most common in kidney (76%), spleen (58%), oral cavity (45%), and vasculature (44%) and were composed of unbranching, 10 nm in diameter fibrils. Peptide sequencing by mass spectrometry revealed that SAA peptides were dominant in amyloid-laden kidney, together with high levels of apolipoprotein E, apolipoprotein A-IV, fibrinogen-α chain, and complement C3 and C4 (false discovery rate ≤0.05). Reassembled peptide sequences showed island fox SAA as an 111 amino acid protein, most similar to dog and artic fox, with 5 unique amino acid variants among carnivores. SAA peptides extended to the last two C-terminal amino acids in 5 of 9 samples, indicating that near full length SAA was often present in amyloid aggregates. These studies define a remarkably prevalent AA amyloidosis in island foxes with widespread systemic amyloid deposition, a unique SAA sequence, and the co-occurrence of AA with apolipoproteins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic Analysis of Highly Prevalent Amyloid A Amyloidosis Endemic to Endangered Island Foxes

et al. 2014

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“…Previously, virus discovery in animals has focused on pathogenic infections or on animals that on the basis of relevance to (re-)emerging viruses are thought to represent a key risk host for emerging virus-associated disease in humans [57]. With the recent advances in the metagenomics field, a substantial increase in studies looking at virus epidemiological baseline levels in different (wildlife) animals has been observed [25, 36,46,[57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68]. Even though ferrets are a very important animal model for a number of human viral infections, not much is known about viruses that naturally occur in ferrets [17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic Analysis of the Ferret Fecal Viral Flora

et al. 2013

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Ferrets are widely used as a small animal model for a number of viral infections, including influenza A virus and SARS coronavirus. To further analyze the microbiological status of ferrets, their fecal viral flora was studied using a metagenomics approach. Novel viruses from the families Picorna-, Papilloma-, and Anelloviridae as well as known viruses from the families Astro-, Corona-, Parvo-, and Hepeviridae were identified in different ferret cohorts. Ferret kobu- and hepatitis E virus were mainly present in human household ferrets, whereas coronaviruses were found both in household as well as farm ferrets. Our studies illuminate the viral diversity found in ferrets and provide tools to prescreen for newly identified viruses that potentially could influence disease outcome of experimental virus infections in ferrets.

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“…Currently circulating AMDV strains probably originated in North America, but viruses have been diffused worldwide as a consequence of international animal trading and similar viral strains now circulate on farms and surrounding areas around the world [18,21,22]. Furthermore, other viruses within the genus Amdoparvovirus have recently been discovered that can infect related carnivores, such as skunk amdoparvovirus (SKAV), red panda amdoparvovirus (RpAPV), raccoon dog and fox amdoparvovirus (RFAV), gray fox amdovirus (GFAV) and red fox fecal amdovirus (RFFAV) [23][24][25][26][27]. Because these viruses replicate in macrophages and viral entry is likely mediated by cellular Fc receptors recognizing antibody covered viral particles, cross-species transmission is common [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology and Infection Dynamics of Multi-Host Amdoparvoviral and Protoparvoviral Carnivore Pathogens

et al. 2020

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Amdoparvovirus and Protoparvovirus are monophyletic viral genera that infect carnivores. We performed surveillance for and sequence analyses of parvoviruses in mustelids in insular British Columbia to investigate parvoviral maintenance and cross-species transmission among wildlife. Overall, 19.1% (49/256) of the tested animals were parvovirus-positive. Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) was more prevalent in mink (41.6%, 32/77) than martens (3.1%, 4/130), feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) was more prevalent in otters (27.3%, 6/22) than mink (5.2%, 4/77) or martens (2.3%, 3/130), and canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) was found in one mink, one otter, and zero ermines (N = 27). Viruses were endemic and bottleneck events, founder effects, and genetic drift generated regional lineages. We identified two local closely related AMDV lineages, one CPV-2 lineage, and five FPV lineages. Highly similar viruses were identified in different hosts, demonstrating cross-species transmission. The likelihood for cross-species transmission differed among viruses and some species likely represented dead-end spillover hosts. We suggest that there are principal maintenance hosts (otters for FPV, raccoons for CPV-2/FPV, mink for AMDV) that enable viral persistence and serve as sources for other susceptible species. In this multi-host system, viral and host factors affect viral persistence and distribution, shaping parvoviral ecology and evolution, with implications for insular carnivore conservation.

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Novel Amdovirus in Gray Foxes

Cited by 41 publications

References 14 publications

Proteomic Analysis of Highly Prevalent Amyloid A Amyloidosis Endemic to Endangered Island Foxes

Proteomic Analysis of Highly Prevalent Amyloid A Amyloidosis Endemic to Endangered Island Foxes

Metagenomic Analysis of the Ferret Fecal Viral Flora

Ecology and Infection Dynamics of Multi-Host Amdoparvoviral and Protoparvoviral Carnivore Pathogens

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