Abstract:Perchloroethylene (PCE) is one of the most important groundwater pollutants around the world. It is a suspected carcinogen and is believed to be recalcitrant to microbial degradation. We report here, for the first time, aerobic degradation of PCE by the white rot fungus, Trametes versicolor, to less hazardous products. Aerobic degradation rate of PCE was 0.20 and 0.28 nmol h(-1) mg(-1) dry weight of fungal biomass. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) was identified as the main intermediate using [2-13C]-PCE as the subs… Show more
“…The addition of 1-aminotriazole, a known cytochrome P-450 oxygenase inhibitor (Brandao et al 1992), to the growth medium resulted in nearly 70% decrease in VB decolorization (Table 4), suggesting the possible involvement of oxygenases in the decolorization process. These results are consistent with the involvement of oxygenases, in addition to LME, in the degradation of other environmental pollutants (Marco-Urrea et al 2006, 2008.…”
Synthetic textile dyes are among the most dangerous chemical pollutants released in industrial wastewater streams. Recognizing the importance of reducing the environmental impact of these dyes, the ability of the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium to decolorize various textile dyes was investigated. This fungus decolorized 6 of the 14 structurally diverse dyes with varying efficiency (between 14% and 52%). There was no discernable pattern of decolorization even among dyes of the same chemical class, suggesting that attack on the dyes is relatively non-specific. Among the three dyes which showed [40% decolorization, Victoria Blue B (VB) was chosen for further analysis because the ability of the fungus to decolorize VB was nearly independent over a relatively broad concentration range. Blocking lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) production by the fungus did not substantially affect VB decolorization. Inhibition of laccase production by adding various inhibitors to shaken cultures reduced VB decolorization significantly suggesting a role for laccase in VB decolorization. When sodium azide and aminotriazole were used to inhibit endogenous catalase and cytochrome P-450 oxygenase activities, there was 100% and 70% reduction in VB decolorization, respectively. Adding benzoate to trap hydrogen peroxide-derived hydroxyl radicals resulted in 50% decolorization of VB. Boiling the extracellular fluid (ECF) for 30 min resulted in approximately 50% reduction in VB decolorization. Collectively, these data suggest that laccase, and/or oxygenase/oxidase and a heat-stable non-enzymatic factor, but not Lip and MnP, play a role in VB decolorization by P. chrysosporium.
“…The addition of 1-aminotriazole, a known cytochrome P-450 oxygenase inhibitor (Brandao et al 1992), to the growth medium resulted in nearly 70% decrease in VB decolorization (Table 4), suggesting the possible involvement of oxygenases in the decolorization process. These results are consistent with the involvement of oxygenases, in addition to LME, in the degradation of other environmental pollutants (Marco-Urrea et al 2006, 2008.…”
Synthetic textile dyes are among the most dangerous chemical pollutants released in industrial wastewater streams. Recognizing the importance of reducing the environmental impact of these dyes, the ability of the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium to decolorize various textile dyes was investigated. This fungus decolorized 6 of the 14 structurally diverse dyes with varying efficiency (between 14% and 52%). There was no discernable pattern of decolorization even among dyes of the same chemical class, suggesting that attack on the dyes is relatively non-specific. Among the three dyes which showed [40% decolorization, Victoria Blue B (VB) was chosen for further analysis because the ability of the fungus to decolorize VB was nearly independent over a relatively broad concentration range. Blocking lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) production by the fungus did not substantially affect VB decolorization. Inhibition of laccase production by adding various inhibitors to shaken cultures reduced VB decolorization significantly suggesting a role for laccase in VB decolorization. When sodium azide and aminotriazole were used to inhibit endogenous catalase and cytochrome P-450 oxygenase activities, there was 100% and 70% reduction in VB decolorization, respectively. Adding benzoate to trap hydrogen peroxide-derived hydroxyl radicals resulted in 50% decolorization of VB. Boiling the extracellular fluid (ECF) for 30 min resulted in approximately 50% reduction in VB decolorization. Collectively, these data suggest that laccase, and/or oxygenase/oxidase and a heat-stable non-enzymatic factor, but not Lip and MnP, play a role in VB decolorization by P. chrysosporium.
“…Carbon tetrachloride (CT) [104], trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE), one of the most important groundwater pollutants, were tested for degradation by fungi. The aerobic degradation of PCE was reported for the first time by Trametes versicolor, giving 2,2,2-trichloroethanol and CO 2 as main byproducts from TCE degradation, and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) from PCE [105]. Moreover, Ganoderma lucidum and Irpex lacteus were able to degrade substantial levels of perchloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE) in pure culture [106].…”
Abstract:One of the major problems facing the industrialized world today is the contamination of soils, ground water, sediments, surfacewater and air with hazardous and toxic chemicals. The application of microorganisms which degrade or transform hazardous organic contaminants to less toxic compounds has become increasingly popular in recent years. This review, with approximately 300 references covering the period [2005][2006][2007][2008], describes the use of fungi as a method of bioremediation to clean up environmental pollutants.
“…WRF are not an exception, and some TrOCs, for instance, PAHs [67] and chlorinated hydrocarbons [68,69], can be transformed by fungal cytochrome P450. The cytochrome P450 system is monooxygenases that catalyze a broad range of reactions, which include hydroxylation, heteroatom oxygenation, dealkylation, epoxidation of C¼C bonds and hydroxylation, reduction, and dehalogenation [70].…”
Many efforts have been devoted in developing technologies to remove emerging organic pollutants from freshwater systems. This chapter examined the applications of the environmental friendly technology based on fungal-mediated treatment for the degradation of ingredients in personal care products (PCPs), which are frequently detected at relevant concentrations in the aquatic environment. PCPs are daily-use products used in large quantity that includes several groups of substances (UV filters, preservatives, fragrances, etc.). Removal efficiencies reported varied significantly among different experimental set-up, organic substance, and type of fungi. The mechanisms and factors governing the degradation of PCPs by fungi, mainly white-rot fungi and their specific lignin-modifying enzymes, are reviewed and discussed. Beyond, the identification of the intermediate products and metabolites produced as well as the degradation pathways available for some PCPs are presented.
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