Novel 1H low field nuclear magnetic resonance applications for the field of biodiesel

Abstract

BackgroundBiodiesel production has increased dramatically over the last decade, raising the need for new rapid and non-destructive analytical tools and technologies. 1H Low Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (LF-NMR) applications, which offer great potential to the field of biodiesel, have been developed by the Phyto Lipid Biotechnology Lab research team in the last few years.ResultsSupervised and un-supervised chemometric tools are suggested for screening new alternative biodiesel feedstocks according to oil content and viscosity. The tools allowed assignment into viscosity groups of biodiesel-petrodiesel samples whose viscosity is unknown, and uncovered biodiesel samples that have residues of unreacted acylglycerol and/or methanol, and poorly separated and cleaned glycerol and water. In the case of composite materials, relaxation time distribution, and cross-correlation methods were successfully applied to differentiate components. Continuous distributed methods were also applied to calculate the yield of the transesterification reaction, and thus monitor the progress of the common and in-situ transesterification reactions, offering a tool for optimization of reaction parameters.ConclusionsComprehensive applied tools are detailed for the characterization of new alternative biodiesel resources in their whole conformation, monitoring of the biodiesel transesterification reaction, and quality evaluation of the final product, using a non-invasive and non-destructive technology that is new to the biodiesel research area. A new integrated computational-experimental approach for analysis of 1H LF-NMR relaxometry data is also presented, suggesting improved solution stability and peak resolution.

1H LF‐NMR Energy Relaxation Time Characterization of the Chemical and Morphological Structure of PUFA‐Rich Linseed Oil During Oxidation With and Without Antioxidants

“…The glycerol moiety is the most rigid structural component of the triacylglycerol with the lowest T 1 and T 2 1 H relaxation times . The double bond functional groups are also known to be rigid and shown to have relative low T 1 and T 2 1 H energy relaxation time values .…”

“…1 H LF‐NMR equipment is widely used in the food industry for its easily used, and of relatively low cost and compact size . For complex material analysis, however, the generated NMR energy relaxation time signals contain important structural information that for access requires a unique reconstruction into 2D and 3D graphics.…”

“…1 H LF-NMR equipment is widely used in the food industry for its easily used, and of relatively low cost and compact size. [17,18,31] For complex material analysis, however, the generated NMR energy relaxation time signals contain important structural information that for access requires a unique reconstruction into 2D and 3D graphics. In previous papers, [17,19,20] we described our development of such signal processing programs of T 1 (spinlattice) and T 2 (spin-spin) relaxation time signals.…”

Biomass–Water Interaction and Its Correlations with Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Steam-Exploded Corn Stover

“…13,16,25 As for enzymatic hydrolysis, the states and locations of water on the surface of SECS (mainly bound water) were closely related to the ad-/desorption of enzymes, and mobility of water inside and outside of the pores of SECS (mainly capillary water) affected the diffusion of enzymes and products. 14,16,18 In the enzymatic hydrolysis of SECS, the constrained water obviously released before 36 h and then slightly changed with hydrolysis progression, which was consistent with an increase in glucan conversion. The release of constrained water was beneficial to the increase in mass transfer efficiency.…”

“…16,18,19 Time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR) is a rapid noninvasive and nondestructive analytical technique. Spin−spin (T2) NMR relaxation times, depending on the environment of hydrogen nuclei in the sample, are generally used to study the water within solid substrates.…”