Nouveau design solar septic tank: Reinvented toilet technology for sanitation 4.0

Abstract

The up-flow solar septic tank (UTST) and multi-soil layering (MSL) system has been developed and proposed as “Nouveau Design Solar Septic Tank”. The objective of this study was to verify functionality of the integrated UTST and MSL system for treatment of toilet wastewater (or black water) under actual conditions over a year at the Asian Institute of Technology campus, Pathumthani province, central Thailand. During the operation period which involved fluctuating flow rates, ambient temperatures and black water characteristics, the UTST unit yielded satisfactory performance with the average treatment efficiencies of 92 10% for total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD), 79 10% for soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), 93 9% for total 5-days biochemical oxygen demand (TBOD) and 90 12% for soluble 5-days biochemical oxygen demand (SBOD), respectively, while the MSL unit could remove 95 3%, and 88 15% of total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and total phosphorus (TP), respectively. The effluent TCOD, TBOD, TKN, nitrite (NO 2 -N), nitrate (NO 3 -N), ammonia (NH 3 ) and TP concentrations of the integrated UTST and MSL system were 39 27,8 27,5 5 mg/L, 2 2,39 24,8 9,2 5 and 1 1 mg/L, respectively, meeting the ISO requirements. The removal efficiencies of TCOD, SCOD, TBOD and SBOD exhibited positive correlation with the ratios of TBOD/TKN, TBOD/SBOD and TBOD/TP. With high treatment efficiencies and effluent quality meeting the ISO requirements, the nouveau design solar septic tank has been demonstrated as an innovative technology toward the sanitation 4.0 concept and the Sustainable Development Goal no. 6 (SDG6).

Sanitation Sustainability Index: A Pilot Approach to Develop a Community-Based Indicator for Evaluating Sustainability of Sanitation Systems

“…Numerous technical approaches toward the provision of sustainable sanitation have been studied [13][14][15][16][17]. These approaches provide a range of options for sanitation, including onsite sanitation systems using water-saving toilets, septic tanks, and resource-oriented sanitation (ROS) systems [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Moreover, some studies compare different sanitation systems based on economic views [12,26].…”

Upaya Peningkatan Kualitas Sanitasi Masyarakat Pesisir Laut di Pulau Belakang Padang Menggunakan Communal Septic Tank

“…Menurut waga Kampung Tengah RW 002/RT 002 pembuangan tinja langsung ke laut tidak menjadi suatu masalah dan menjadi hal yang biasa karena mengangga adanya pergantian air pasang surut [9]. Namun, beberapa waktu terakhir pasang surut yang terjadi hanya tidak sering dan mengakibatkan area permukiman warga menjadi kumuh [10]. Hal tersebut akan berdampak pada Kesehatan masyarakat.…”

Bioenergy-producing two-stage septic tank and floating wetland for onsite wastewater treatment: Circuit connection and external aeration

“…However, inefficient nutrient removal is a major operational drawback of the septic tanks, primarily due to the lack of additional contact with the settled sludge biomass ( Saeed et al, 2021a ). Several research studies modified the structural design of the septic tanks and achieved notable pollutant removals, primarily due to maximizing the contact between septic tank components (i.e., settled sludge, biomass, and filler media) and wastewater pollutant ( Daija et al, 2016 ; Koottatep et al, 2020 ; Nasr and Mikhaeil, 2013 ; Saeed et al, 2021a ). More research studies are required on structural modification to optimize the integrated contact between the septic tank components and wastewater pollutant that might improve operational efficiencies ( Haydar et al, 2018 ; Singh et al, 2019 ).…”