A review of the vertebrate fossil diversity in Brazil is presented. The best known faunas are the fish and reptiles from the Santana Formation (both, Crato and Romualdo Members). Also comparatively well known are the mammalian faunas from Pleistocene deposits, which is the result of extensive research done in the last decades. Poorly known are the Paleozoic vertebrates, which is possible due to the limited outcrops in the country. Paradoxically, the Late Cretaceous vertebrate faunas (fishes, reptiles, and mammals) from the Bauru Group are also poorly known, despite the large extension of these sedimentary rocks in the country. Following the achievements in the last decades, continuous systematic fieldwork has to be done, with the employment of various collecting techniques (e.g., screen washing), in order to improve the knowledge about the Brazilian paleovertebrate faunas.