Notoginsenoside Ft1 acts as a TGR5 agonist but FXR antagonist to alleviate high fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice

MiR-203 is an anti-obese microRNA by targeting apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter

“…Increasing fecal BA excretion leads to the consumption of cholesterol for BA synthesis and the reduction of lipid absorption. Dysregulation of BA synthesis and metabolism is also related to metabolic disorders including obesity, diabetes, and chronic liver diseases ( Ding et al., 2021 ). Consistent with the current study, in the obese rats, we also found a remarkable increase of BA pool in the circulation of obese rats, whist a decrease in BA excretion from feces.…”

Bile acids-gut microbiota crosstalk contributes to the improvement of type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…VSG reduces intestinal BAs levels, which leads to impaired intestinal lipid absorption. This mechanism of caloric intake reduction may contribute to the metabolic improvement ( Ding et al, 2021a ). Another study indicated an increase in endogenous cholic acid-7-sulfate (CA7S) in the gastrointestinal tract of mice and humans after VSG ( Supplementary Table S1 ).…”

Targeting gut microbial bile salt hydrolase (BSH) by diet supplements: new insights into dietary modulation of human health

“…26 Notoginsenoside Ft1 (Ft1) from Panax notoginseng activated Tgr5 in adipose tissue by antagonizing Fxr transcriptional activity in the ileum, and thus elevated serum-free and taurine-binding bile acid (BAs). 112 Although these components play an essential role in FXR activity, whether these effects are correlated with the modulation of BSH-producing bacteria is less understood. So further studies should be performed to explain how saponins components activate FXR signaling and the effect of the gut microbiota involved in those possess.…”