The present status of research on condensed vanadic, molybdic, and tungstic acids is reviewed. Information about the structure and formation of polyanions can be obtained by X-ray analysis and from nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, and Raman spectra, as well as from complex formation in aqueous solution. Salts of the polyacids can be prepared in organic solvents by hydrolysis of esters of the metal oxoacids.