‘Nothing Comes between My Robot and Me’: Privacy and Human-Robot Interaction in Robotised Healthcare

Fosch‐Villaronga, Eduard; Felzmann, Heike; Pierce, Robin; Conca, Silvia De; Groot, Alexander de; Robins, Scott; Castillo, Aida Ponce Del

doi:10.5040/9781509926237.ch-004

Cited by 9 publications

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“…However, this beneficial potential can only materialize if digital mental health technologies ensure high standards of data security and information privacy. Privacy breaches have already been observed in several digital mental tools such as mobile health apps, wearables, consumer neurotechnologies and assistive devices for psychogeriatric care ( 15 , 58 , 59 ). These privacy weaknesses include illicit access by third parties to confidential patient-related information, cybercrime and accidental data leakage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Mental Health for Young People: A Scoping Review of Ethical Promises and Challenges

Wies

Landers

Ienca

2021

Front. Digit. Health

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Mental health disorders are complex disorders of the nervous system characterized by a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning. Mental illness is of particular concern for younger people. The WHO estimates that around 20% of the world's children and adolescents have a mental health condition, a rate that is almost double compared to the general population. One approach toward mitigating the medical and socio-economic effects of mental health disorders is leveraging the power of digital health technology to deploy assistive, preventative, and therapeutic solutions for people in need. We define “digital mental health” as any application of digital health technology for mental health assessment, support, prevention, and treatment. However, there is only limited evidence that digital mental health tools can be successfully implemented in clinical settings. Authors have pointed to a lack of technical and medical standards for digital mental health apps, personalized neurotechnology, and assistive cognitive technology as a possible cause of suboptimal adoption and implementation in the clinical setting. Further, ethical concerns have been raised related to insufficient effectiveness, lack of adequate clinical validation, and user-centered design as well as data privacy vulnerabilities of current digital mental health products. The aim of this paper is to report on a scoping review we conducted to capture and synthesize the growing literature on the promises and ethical challenges of digital mental health for young people aged 0–25. This review seeks to survey the scope and focus of the relevant literature, identify major benefits and opportunities of ethical significance (e.g., reducing suffering and improving well-being), and provide a comprehensive mapping of the emerging ethical challenges. Our findings provide a comprehensive synthesis of the current literature and offer a detailed informative basis for any stakeholder involved in the development, deployment, and management of ethically-aligned digital mental health solutions for young people.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Mental Health for Young People: A Scoping Review of Ethical Promises and Challenges

Wies

Landers

Ienca

2021

Front. Digit. Health

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“…Not rarely do developers find themselves in a position with unclear regulatory guidance and in which they usually end up not integrating policy goals entirely. In this scenario, they are often left to decide if and if so, how the development process can be continued: (a) if positive fit, valorize; (b) if unclear legal fit, ask clarification, permission, and assume negative; and (c) if negative/no fit, stop, adapt, lobby, and ignore (Fosch-Villaronga et al, 2018).…”

Section: The Difficulties Of Regulating Emerging Robots: Lack Of Info...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second lesson is the importance of creating shared data repositories (SDRs) and connecting them to policymaking. Accessing and processing the information gathered in the databases EUROBENCH aims to create could be valuable for informing policymaking (Fosch-Villaronga et al, 2018; Fosch-Villaronga and Golia, 2019). These SDRs can take the form of databases compiling the results of reproducible experiments and risk assessments, along with related robot legislation/regulation collected over time and across many projects (Fosch-Villaronga et al, 2018; Fosch-Villaronga and Golia, 2019).…”

Section: Toward Evidence-based Policymaking For Robots: Early Lessons...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accessing and processing the information gathered in the databases EUROBENCH aims to create could be valuable for informing policymaking (Fosch-Villaronga et al, 2018; Fosch-Villaronga and Golia, 2019). These SDRs can take the form of databases compiling the results of reproducible experiments and risk assessments, along with related robot legislation/regulation collected over time and across many projects (Fosch-Villaronga et al, 2018; Fosch-Villaronga and Golia, 2019). Documenting and formalizing these processes (in lessons learned) would allow the regulatory framework to have a grounded knowledge and understanding of what characteristics and regulatory needs new robot technologies have, and this knowledge could be highly valuable for future developers and policymakers.…”

Section: Toward Evidence-based Policymaking For Robots: Early Lessons...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, the impact of data security on users’ safety remains largely unknown. Exoskeletons are cyber-physical systems directly fastened to the user’s body (Greenbaum, 2015b; Fosch-Villaronga et al, 2018) that can have vulnerabilities in security that can compromise the correct functioning of the device but the extent of that impact is still wholly undetermined (Morante et al, 2015; Fosch-Villaronga and Mahler, 2021).…”

Section: The Difficulties Of Regulating Emerging Robots: Lack Of Info...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Harnessing robot experimentation to optimize the regulatory framing of emerging robot technologies

2022

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From exoskeletons to lightweight robotic suits, wearable robots are changing dynamically and rapidly, challenging the timeliness of laws and regulatory standards that were not prepared for robots that would help wheelchair users walk again. In this context, equipping regulators with technical knowledge on technologies could solve information asymmetries among developers and policymakers and avoid the problem of regulatory disconnection. This article introduces pushing robot development for lawmaking (PROPELLING), an financial support to third parties from the Horizon 2020 EUROBENCH project that explores how robot testing facilities could generate policy-relevant knowledge and support optimized regulations for robot technologies. With ISO 13482:2014 as a case study, PROPELLING investigates how robot testbeds could be used as data generators to improve the regulation for lower-limb exoskeletons. Specifically, the article discusses how robot testbeds could help regulators tackle hazards like fear of falling, instability in collisions, or define the safe scenarios for avoiding any adverse consequences generated by abrupt protective stops. The article’s central point is that testbeds offer a promising setting to bring policymakers closer to research and development to make policies more attuned to societal needs. In this way, these approximations can be harnessed to unravel an optimal regulatory framework for emerging technologies, such as robots and artificial intelligence, based on science and evidence.

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“I Love You,” Said the Robot: Boundaries of the Use of Emotions in Human-Robot Interactions

Fosch‐Villaronga

2019

Human–Computer Interaction Series

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‘Nothing Comes between My Robot and Me’: Privacy and Human-Robot Interaction in Robotised Healthcare

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Digital Mental Health for Young People: A Scoping Review of Ethical Promises and Challenges

Digital Mental Health for Young People: A Scoping Review of Ethical Promises and Challenges

Harnessing robot experimentation to optimize the regulatory framing of emerging robot technologies

“I Love You,” Said the Robot: Boundaries of the Use of Emotions in Human-Robot Interactions

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