The amount and chemical nature of soil organic sulphur was determined in several pairs of soils taken from long-term pasture and adjacent, continuously cultivated sites. Similar determinations were also carried out on organic matter extracts obtained from the soils. The lower levels of sulphur in the arable soils compared with pasture soils were assumed to have resulted from the mineralisation of organic matter brought about by cultivation. Losses of sulphur caused by this mineralisation were found to occur in all three organic fractions examined.A high proportion (75%) of the sulphur lost consisted of carbon-bonded sulphur with only 25% derived from HI-reducible forms. Despite this, it is suggested that, of the two forms, HI-reducible sulphur has a more transitory nature and is possibly of greater importance in the short-term mineralisation of sulphur whereas carbon-bonded sulphur passes through an HI-reducible form prior to release as inorganic sulphur. It is suggested that the sulphur present in the fulvic acid pool could, likewise, be most important for short-term mineralisation.
IntroductionI N MOST soils organically-bound sulphur is the predominant form of sulphur, inorganic forms accounting for only a few per cent of the total. Organic sulphur must be mineralised t o sulphate in order t o become available for plant uptake. The process of mineralisation becomes increasingly important for maintaining supplies of sulphur t o the plant under agricultural conditions where other inputs of sulphur t o the soil-plant system, mainly fertilisers and atmospheric inputs, are decreasing.Although there is considerable information on the forms of soil organic sulphur (Williams, 1975) there have been few attempts t o investigate their rates of turnover in order t o determine their relative importance in the availability of sulphur t o plants. The investigations that have been undertaken so far have consisted of relatively short-term incubations o r pot experiments (Freney et al., 1971 ;Bettany et al., 1974; Freney et al., 1975). The main problem with such experiments would appear t o be the accurate detection of the small amounts of sulphur turnover encountered in such systems, often amounting to a few per cent o r less of the total sulphur present.The present study attempts to overcome this problem by examination of changes in the distribution of sulphur in soils brought about by long-term, natural mineralisation processes. T o achieve this a compari-