Notes on the genus <i>Cranosina</i> (Bryozoa, Cheilostomida)

Chimonides, P.J.; Cook, Patricia L.

doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1994.tb00372.x

Cited by 11 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The figures in Prenant & Bobin (1956), reproduced from three earlier authors, also show both clockwise and anticlockwise spirals, and Chimonides (1987, figs 5A, 13C, respectively) shows anticlockwise and clockwise spirals, with quite a large gap on the stolon proximally before the spirals begin, raising the question of conspecificity of all the illustrated material, although Souto et al (2010) noted that individual colonies may be either wholly clockwise or anticlockwise. Both of two large colonies of A. chimonidesi from Auckland have consistently clockwise spirals.…”

Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…If one uses Chimonides' (1987) key to the non-spiralled species of Amathia, Hutton's species keys out to A. biseriata.…”

Section: Amathia Biseriatamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amathia Lamouroux, 1812 (including new species described herein). Chimonides (1987);3-d'Hondt (1979); 4- Souto et al (2010) Hutton (1873) was the first to describe a species of Amathia from New Zealand, which he mistakenly ascribed to the cheilostome genus Beania Johnston, 1840. He evidently included a sample of the species in a collection of Amathia similis n. sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amathia is nested within the confamilial genus Bowerbankia Farre, 1837 in gene trees (Waeschenbach et al 2012), with an unnamed Amathia species sister to Bowerbankia citrina (Hincks, 1877) from Wales. After accounting for synonyms (Prenant & Bobin 1956;d'Hondt 1983;Chimonides 1987;Souto et al 2010), there are at least 31 valid, previously described Amathia species, 16 of which exhibit some degree of spirality of the autozooid clusters on the stolon segments and the balance have the autozooids in more or less straight series (Table 1). Two species of Bowerbankia-B.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The amathiiform Ctenostomata (phylum Bryozoa) of New Zealand —including four new species, two of them of probable alien origin

Gordon¹,

Spencer-Jones²

2013

Zootaxa

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The status of the vesiculariid ctenostome genus Amathia in New Zealand has been evaluated on the basis of all known material, including historic specimens in museums and those newly collected during formal surveillance of ports, harbours and vessels for possible alien species. Eight species are recognised, four of them new to science. Amathia gracei n. sp. and Amathia zealandica n. sp. are the only apparently endemic species. Amathia chimonidesi n. sp. appears to be a previously unrecognised alien species and is known only from shipping harbours and/or yacht marinas and some nearby beaches. Amathia similis n. sp. has been known in the Auckland area since the 1960s but was confused with A. distans Busk. Amathia bicornis (Tenison-Woods), A. biseriata Krauss, A. lamourouxi Chimonides and A. wilsoni Kirkpatrick are Australasian species that occur naturally on both sides of the Tasman Sea. Of this latter group, A. bicornis was discovered only at a single locality on the southwest coast of North Island in 1983 on a fucoid seaweed and it may be relatively recently self-introduced. A specimen of A. lendigera (Linnaeus) in the Museum of New Zealand, purportedly from Napier, is considered to be based on a misunderstanding or a labelling error and does not represent a failed alien introduction. The Amathia-like vesiculariid Bowerbankia citrina (Hincks) sensu lato is newly recorded for New Zealand. Keys are provided to the amathiiform (i.e. Amathia and Amathia-like) Ctenostomata of New Zealand and to the worldwide species of Amathia and Bowerbankia with zooid clusters spiralled on stoloniform axes.

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Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…If one uses Chimonides' (1987) key to the non-spiralled species of Amathia, Hutton's species keys out to A. biseriata.…”

Section: Amathia Biseriatamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The amathiiform Ctenostomata (phylum Bryozoa) of New Zealand —including four new species, two of them of probable alien origin

Gordon¹,

Spencer-Jones²

2013

Zootaxa

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“…Such immersed ovicells with vestigial ooecia are well known among Calloporidae, for instance in the genera Crassimarginatella (Hastings, 1945(Hastings, , 1964Cook, 1968;Winston, 1984;Tilbrook et al, 2001) and Cranosina (Osburn, 1950;Chimonides and Cook, 1994). Immersed ovicells in calloporids differ from the endozooidal ovicells of flustrids, since their brooding cavity is immersed in the distal part of the maternal zooid, rather than in the proximal part of the daughter zooid as in flustrids (Ostrovsky, unpublished data).…”

Section: Evolution Of Internal Brooding In Calloporidaementioning

confidence: 99%

The Internal-Brooding Apparatus in the Bryozoan Genus Cauloramphus (Cheilostomata: Calloporidae) and Its Inferred Homology to Ovicells

2007

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We studied by SEM the external morphology of the ooecium in eight bryozoans of the genus Cauloramphus Norman, 1903 (Cheilostomata, Calloporidae): C. spinifer, C. variegatus, C. magnus, C. multiavicularia, C. tortilis, C. cryptoarmatus, C. niger, and C. multispinosus, and by sectioning and light microscopy the anatomy of the brooding apparatus of C. spinifer, C. cryptoarmatus, and C. niger. These species all have a brood sac, formed by invagination of the non-calcified distal body wall of the maternal zooid, located in the distal half of the maternal (egg-producing) autozooid, and a vestigial, maternally budded kenozooidal ooecium. The brood sac comprises a main chamber and a long passage (neck) opening externally independently of the introvert. The non-calcified portion of the maternal distal wall between the neck and tip of the zooidal operculum is involved in closing and opening the brood sac, and contains both musculature and a reduced sclerite that suggest homology with the ooecial vesicle of a hyperstomial ovicell. We interpret the brooding apparatus in Cauloramphus as a highly modified form of cheilostome hyperstomial ovicell, as both types share 1) a brood chamber bounded by 2) the ooecium and 3) a component of the distal wall of the maternal zooid. We discuss Cauloramphus as a hypothetical penultimate stage in ovicell reduction in calloporid bryozoans. We suggest that the internal-brooding genus Gontarella, of uncertain taxonomic affinities, is actually a calloporid and represents the ultimate stage in which no trace of the ooecium remains. Internal brooding apparently evolved several times independently within the Calloporidae.

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Comparative anatomical study of internal brooding in three anascan bryozoans (Cheilostomata) and its taxonomic and evolutionary implications

et al. 2006

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The anatomical structure of internal sacs for embryonic incubation was studied using SEM and light microscopy in three cheilostome bryozoans-Nematoflustra flagellata (Waters,1904), Gontarella sp., and Biflustra perfragilis MacGillivray, 1881. In all these species the brood sac is located in the distal half of the maternal (egg-producing) autozooid, being a conspicuous invagination of the body wall. It consists of the main chamber and a passage (neck) to the outside that opens independently of the introvert. There are several groups of muscles attached to the thin walls of the brood sac and possibly expanding it during oviposition and larval release. Polypide recycling begins after oviposition in Gontarella sp., and the new polypide bud is formed by the beginning of incubation. Similarly, polypides in brooding zooids degenerate in N. flagellata and, sometimes, in B. perfragilis. In the evolution of brood chambers in the Cheilostomata, such internal sacs for embryonic incubation are considered a final step, being the result of immersion of the brooding cavity into the maternal zooid and reduction of the protecting fold (ooecium). Possible reasons for this transformation are discussed, and the hypothesis of Santagata and Banta (Santagata and Banta1996) that internal brooding evolved prior to incubation in ovicells is rejected.

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Notes on the genus Cranosina (Bryozoa, Cheilostomida)

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

The amathiiform Ctenostomata (phylum Bryozoa) of New Zealand —including four new species, two of them of probable alien origin

The amathiiform Ctenostomata (phylum Bryozoa) of New Zealand —including four new species, two of them of probable alien origin

The Internal-Brooding Apparatus in the Bryozoan Genus Cauloramphus (Cheilostomata: Calloporidae) and Its Inferred Homology to Ovicells

Comparative anatomical study of internal brooding in three anascan bryozoans (Cheilostomata) and its taxonomic and evolutionary implications

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