Notes on the floral biology and pollination syndrome of Echinopsis chiloensis (Colla) Friedrich &amp; G.D.Rowley (Cactaceae) in a population of semiarid Chile

Ossa, Carmen Gloria; Medel, Rodrigo

doi:10.4067/s0717-66432011000200012

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…chiloensis , E. terscheckii , E. thelegona and E. schickendantzii (Boyle & Idnurm ; Ortega‐Baes et al . ; Walter ; Ossa & Medel ; Alonso‐Pedano & Ortega‐Baes ; Ortega‐Baes & Gorostiague ). In the Brazilian Chaco, six populations of E. rhodotricha showed low genetic diversity, heterozygous deficits and moderate inbreeding (Fava ), which may result from crosses within and between related individuals, mainly carried out by secondary pollinators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollination and reproductive system of synchronopatric species of Cactaceae (Cactoideae) subject to interspecific flow of pollen: an example of ecological adaptation in the Brazilian Chaco

et al. 2017

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Three synchronopatric Cactaceae species, Echinopsis rhodotricha, Harrisia balansae and Praecereus saxicola, have mostly nocturnal anthesis and similar flowers, characteristics that motivated us to perform a comparative study of reproductive ecology. Reproductive phenology was sampled monthly from December 2014 to November 2015. We describe floral biology, breeding system via pollination treatments and evaluate floral visitors from focal and filming observations. Pollen grains found on moth proboscis were compared among cactus species under light microscopy. We used fluorescent dye particles to test intra- and interspecific pollen flow. These three species have extended flowering with greater intensity in the wet season, causing high overlap. They have white and hypocrateriformis flowers that open at twilight or nightfall and last about 15 h. H. balansae seems to be self-incompatible, while E. rhodotricha presented self-compatibility. P. saxicola presented self-fertility, but most of the population seems to be self-incompatible. We suggest sphingophily for the three species, but only P. saxicola was visited by Manduca rustica (Sphingidae). However, we observed pollen grains of all three species on the proboscis of moths, especially M. rustica and M. sexta. Prolonged anthesis allowed bees (herein considered as secondary pollinators) to visit flowers of E. rhodotricha and P. saxicola. It can be concluded that the studied species share nocturnal and diurnal pollinators, suggesting interspecific pollen flow, which, however, could not be detected with fluorescent dye particles. In view of the low frequency of primary pollinators, it appears that these three species have different reproductive strategies, ensuring the fruiting and production of viable seeds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollination and reproductive system of synchronopatric species of Cactaceae (Cactoideae) subject to interspecific flow of pollen: an example of ecological adaptation in the Brazilian Chaco

et al. 2017

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“…In addition, we conducted a supplemental hand‐pollination experiment in each species of cactus in the tropical and extratropical sites, showing that seed output is pollen‐limited in all species of cacti (Table ). Finally, we checked in the field that each species is self‐incompatible, as previously suggested in other studies (Schlumpberger & Badano ; Walter ; Ossa & Medel ; Gorostiague & Ortega‐Baes ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the geographic dichotomy hypothesis with cacti in South America

et al. 2017

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The Cactaceae is one of the most conspicuous and ecologically important plant families in the world. Its species may have specialist or generalist pollination systems that show geographic patterns, which are synthesised in the Geographic Dichotomy Hypothesis. Here, we assess this hypothesis in five countries in both tropical and extratropical regions, evaluating the pollinator visitation rate and pollinator identity and abundance. We calculate the Shannon diversity index (H') and evenness (J) and evaluate differences between latitude parameters with a Student t-test. Overall, we found more specialised pollination systems in all tropical sites; the richness, diversity and evenness of pollinators was reduced in comparison to extratropical regions, where the pollination system was generalised. Our results support the geographic dichotomy hypothesis in the cacti of South America, suggesting that environmental factors underlying the latitudinal patterns can help to explain differences in the pollination syndrome between tropical and extratropical regions.

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“…; Schlumpberger & Badano ; Ortega‐Baes et al . ; Walter ; Ossa & Medel ; Gorostiague & Ortega‐Baes ).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Britton & Rose, at latitude of 16 S, Rojas 2012) or unusual xenogamous pollination systems (Oreocereus celsianus (Lem. Ex Salm-Dyck) Riccob, at latitude of 21 S, Larrea-Alcázar & López 2011), both of which are also present in species occurring even farther away from the equator (de Viana et al 2001;Ortega-Baes et al 2011;Walter 2010;Ossa & Medel 2011;Gorostiague & Ortega-Baes 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive biology of Oreocereus fossulatus (Cactaceae), a long‐lived columnar cactus endemic to the tropical Andes

Larrea-Alcázar

López

Gutierrez

et al. 2018

Plant Species Biology

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The geographic dichotomy hypothesis suggests that columnar cacti inhabiting the tropics depend on flower visitors (birds and bats) for their pollination, showing highly specialized animal‐pollinated systems. This pattern has been demonstrated for the northern hemisphere; however, our knowledge of the species of columnar cacti growing in the southern tropics is still scarce. In this study, we studied the reproductive biology of Oreocereus fossulatus (Cactaceae, Tribe Trichocereae), an endemic, columnar cactus of the tropical Andes, to determine if its pollination system tends to be more generalized (mixed systems of autogamy and xenogamy) than specialized (xenogamy) as a consequence of the geographic position of where it lives. Observations of the frequency of visits showed that Patagona gigas (Trochillidae) is its main pollinator. It visits the flowers when they are open, coinciding with the periods of greater floral reward (dusk and dawn of the first day of anthesis). The treatments of autogamy, xenogamy and geitonogamy produced fruits, showing that O. fossulatus exhibits a generalized pollination system, in the same way as its congeneric species O. celsianus, which is distributed farther south in the Prepuna biogeographical region. Our results suggest that species partially specializing in pollination by hummingbirds and, besides, capable of autopollination, could be common in the tropical and subtropical Andes, probably as a response to the unpredictable environments present in their ecosystems.

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Notes on the floral biology and pollination syndrome of Echinopsis chiloensis (Colla) Friedrich & G.D.Rowley (Cactaceae) in a population of semiarid Chile

Cited by 17 publications

References 19 publications

Pollination and reproductive system of synchronopatric species of Cactaceae (Cactoideae) subject to interspecific flow of pollen: an example of ecological adaptation in the Brazilian Chaco

Pollination and reproductive system of synchronopatric species of Cactaceae (Cactoideae) subject to interspecific flow of pollen: an example of ecological adaptation in the Brazilian Chaco

Assessing the geographic dichotomy hypothesis with cacti in South America

Reproductive biology of Oreocereus fossulatus (Cactaceae), a long‐lived columnar cactus endemic to the tropical Andes

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