Notes on the family Cupuladriidae (Bryozoa), and on Cupuladria remota sp. n. from the Marquesas Islands

Abstract

Cook, P. L. & Chimonides, P. J. 1994. Notes on the family Cupuladriidae (Bryozoa), and on Cupuladria remota sp. n. from the Marquesas Islands.-Zool. Scr. 23: 251-268.Colony morphology, life history, and the resulting concepts of generic inter-relationships within the family Cupuladriidae are discussed. The characters of the genus Cupuladria, and of the C. canariensis complex of species from the Tertiary to Recent of Europe, West Africa and the Central American regions, are described and illustrated. Cupuladria remota sp. n., a close relative of the Recent Brazilian species, C. monotrema, is described from the mid-Pacific Marquesas Islands. The origin of this isolated population, and its possible distributional history, are discussed.

Life history variation in cupuladriid bryozoans from either side of the Isthmus of Panama

“…2) (e.g. Dartevelle 1932, Marcus & Marcus 1962, Lagaiij 1963, Cook 1965, Baluk & Radwanski 1977, Håkansson & Winston 1985, Winston 1988, Cook & Chimonides 1994, Thomsen & Håkansson 1995, Håkansson & Thomsen 2001, Dick et al 2003.…”

“…Cupuladriids today are generally restricted to sandy and muddy sediments free of sea grass and coral in tropical and subtropical upper bathyal and neritic zones around the world (Cook & Chimonides 1994 and references therein). They originated in the Paleocene, and since the Miocene have become an important member of the filter-feeding sandy bottom fauna (Cook & Chimonides 1983), often occurring as thousands of colonies in both fossil and Recent samples (Winston 1988).…”

Molecular phylogeny and phylogeography of free-living Bryozoa (Cupuladriidae) from both sides of the Isthmus of Panama

“…The transisthmian geminate clades Cupuladrias 4 and 5 are both similar to C. biporosa described from the Caribbean Miocene by Canu and Bassler (1923), redefined by Cook and Chimonides (1994), and their taxonomic status needs to be evaluated. Some of the Discoporella species identified by our study are certainly new.…”

Asexual propagation in the marine bryozoan Cupuladria exfragminis

“…Although fragmentation by wave action is a central means of asexual propagation in many reef corals (Dollar, 1982;Highsmith, 1982;Coffroth and Lasker, 1998), most cupuladriids inhabit muddy and sandy habitats deeper than 20 m (Cadée, 1975;Cook and Chimonides, 1994;O'Dea et al, 2004), and as such there is strong rational to disregard such a process as important in the fragmentation of most cupuladriid populations (but see Winston, 1988). Indeed, confirmation that C. exfragminis has the ability to autofragment may illuminate a long-standing dilemma caused by records of populations with high levels of fragmented and regenerated colonies living in very low energy environments (Dartevelle, 1935;Cadée, 1975).…”