Notes on determining the effective distance to a line of recharge

Kazmann, Raphael G.

doi:10.1029/tr027i006p00854

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In many alluvial settings, this is limited by the vertical hydraulic resistance of riverbed sediments (Hubbs et al 2006). The effects of low‐permeability riverbed sediments on well yield are not addressed by the equations of Hantush and Papadopulos (1962); however, an ad hoc method described by Kazmann (1946, 1948) and Rorabaugh (1956) have been used to account for partially‐penetrating and partially‐clogged riverbeds. This approach accounts for the presence of a leaky riverbed indirectly by defining an effective distance to a hypothetical line of recharge (the a‐distance) based on the aquifer's response to a pumping test (Hantush 1959).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modeling Framework for the Design of Collector Wells

et al. 2011

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We present results of a design study performed for the Saylorville Wellfield in Iowa, which is owned and operated by the Des Moines Water Works. The purpose of this study was to estimate wellfield capacity and provide a preliminary design for two radial collector wells to be constructed in the outwash aquifer along the Des Moines River near Saylorville, Iowa. After a field investigation to characterize the aquifer, regional two-dimensional and local three-dimensional, steady-state groundwater flow modeling was performed to locate and design the wells. This modeling was the foundation for design recommendations based on the relative performance of 12 collector well designs with varying lateral numbers, elevations, screen lengths, and orientations. For each site, alternate designs were evaluated based on model estimates of the capacity, the percent of surface water captured, and the production per unit length of screen. Many of our results are consistent with current design practices based on experience and intuition, but our methods allow for a quantitative approach for comparing alternate designs. Although the results are site-specific, the framework for evaluating the hydraulic design of the Saylorville radial collector wells is broadly applicable and could be used at other riverbank filtration sites. In addition, many of the conclusions from this design study may apply at other sites where construction of radial collector wells is being considered.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modeling Framework for the Design of Collector Wells

et al. 2011

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“…With induced infiltration, a stream that is normally gaining becomes a losing stream in the vicinity of the well. The potential for induced infiltration is clearly documented in the theory of well hydraulics [Theis, 1941;Kazman, 1946Kazman, , 1948Ferris et al, 1962;Hantush, 1965;Walton, 1970; Bear, 1979] and has been studied in the field [Rorabaugh, 1956;Norris, 1983]. The amount of induced infiltration is a function of many factors, including aquifer transmissivity, aquifer geometry, well pumping rate, the strength of the hydraulic connection between the aquifer and surface water body due to stream penetration and clogging layer, and the presence of other sources of water supplying the well.…”

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confidence: 99%

Induced infiltration in aquifers with ambient flow

Wilson¹

1993

Water Resources Research

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Well water quality depends on the relative amounts of water drawn from the pumped aquifer and nearby surface water bodies, such as streams, lakes, and wetlands. Although a surface water body may normally gain water from the aquifer, pumping can reverse gradients, causing it to lose water near the well. Surface water then enters the well by induced infiltration. Two-dimensional vertically integrated models of induced infiltration are developed for various combinations of aquifer geometry and sources of recharge. The models, which have applications in wellhead protection, aquifer pollution characterization, and aquifer remediation, are presented graphically. They show that the propensity for and rate of induced infiltration are enhanced by higher pumping rates, proximity of the well to the stream, and the presence of nearby barrier boundaries. The propensity and rate are reduced by the presence of other surface water bodies. Ambient groundwater discharge rate to the surface water body also plays a role, but not its source, whether it is from local vertical recharge, lateral inflow, or both. The results are also largely indifferent to whether the aquifer transmissivity is assumed to be a constant, or a function of water table elevation. Finally, if the well is close enough to the surface water body, say, less than 5% of the aquifer width, then the aquifer acts as if it were semi-infinite. the latter effect is referred to as induced infiltration and is due to a reversal of gradients caused by the pumping. With induced infiltration, a stream that is normally gaining becomes a losing stream in the vicinity of the well. The potential for induced infiltration is clearly documented in the theory of well hydraulics [Theis, 1941;Kazman, 1946Kazman, , 1948Ferris et al., 1962;Hantush, 1965;Walton, 1970; Bear, 1979] and has been studied in the field [Rorabaugh, 1956;Norris, 1983].The amount of induced infiltration is a function of many factors, including aquifer transmissivity, aquifer geometry, well pumping rate, the strength of the hydraulic connection between the aquifer and surface water body due to stream penetration and clogging layer, and the presence of other sources of water supplying the well. Quantifying the amount of induced infiltration in terms of these parameters is an important factor in conjunctive water use as water demand increases and the reliability of surface supplies is threatened by streamflow depletion. The streamflow depletion problem has been well-studied, particularly in the western and midwestern states [e.g., Theis, 1941;Kazman, 1948;Glover and Balmer, 1954;Rorabaugh, 1956; Hahtush, 1959 Hahtush, , 1965Jenkins, 1968;Walton, 1970]. In the east, streamflow depletion is usually not the critical issue, but water quality is. Because of the potential for pollution of both ground and surface waters from varied sources and by varied pollutant species, quantification of the amount of induced infiltration becomes an important factor in evaluating the reliability of well water quality. Below we use the te...

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“…The theoretical shape of the semi-log ploti as given in Figure 4 is concave upward and consequently the secant or tangent of the curve must always intersect the line of zeor drawdown outside of the actual point of zero drawdown. This method is more reliable than the one described by the writer in a previous paper [KAZMANN, 1946]…”

Section: Determination Of Distance To Line Of Rechargementioning

confidence: 67%

“…One method of analyzing data obtained from such a pumping test near a stream is to draw a contour map of drawdowns occurring in the vicinity of the pumping well. Such a map, drawn on a theoretical basis by the use of the Theis method [THEIS, -1941;KAZMANN, 1946], for a pumped well, which is 500 feet from a stream, is shown in Figure 2 (all of the usual assumptions in ground water hydraulics have been made in computing the drawdowns for this map). As steady-state flow is involved, the storage coefficient (and its variations with time) is immaterial.…”

Section: Methods Of Existing Ground-water Gradientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The induced infiltration of river water to wells

Kazmann¹

1948

Eos Trans. AGU

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Two methods are proposed for determining whether water from a surface source will infiltrate to an adjacent aquifer if wells are pumped at the site tested. One method is based on steady flow before the onset of pumping, whereas the other is based on steady flow occurring during a pumping test. As the basis of analysis both methods rely on contour maps of the piezometric surface or changes in the piezometric surface. The maximum rate of infiltration from a surface source is not involved in either of these methods. The only answer sought is whether infiltration will occur after pumping begins. As a by‐product of this analysis a method of determining the effective distance to the line of recharge is also given. Illustrations and actual maps of piezometric surfaces are included to bring out the fundamental principles described in the text.

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Notes on determining the effective distance to a line of recharge

Cited by 16 publications

References 2 publications

A Modeling Framework for the Design of Collector Wells

A Modeling Framework for the Design of Collector Wells

Induced infiltration in aquifers with ambient flow

The induced infiltration of river water to wells

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