Note Sur Un Passage De Malalas Concernant Les Phylarques Arabes

Meccan Trade and Islam: Problems of Origin and Structure

“…While Lammens attributes a fairly great importance to the trading activities of the Ghassanids,275 according to Paret, their power even over the Syrian section of the route was rather questionable. 276 We, on our part, conclude from the lack of reference to the trading activities of the Ghassanids in non-Arabic and Arabic sources that it had been of no great importance as far as trade to and from Yemen through the peninsula was concerned. For us it is more important and realistic that after the 561 peace treaty Byzantium became more and more distrustful, and frictions between the great power and the buffer-state multiplied leading to the loss of power of the latter.…”

“…the Ka"ba), it was at the beginning of Quraysh's [79][80]IH,1:20;Hamza,131;AlüsT,2:260. 142 Hamza,131. See also IH,[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]1/1:61. Research (Hartmann,Arabische Frage,Guidi,Storia e cultura degliarabi,118) has identified the last Tubba" with Sharahbi'1 Ya'fur about whom there is an inscription dated from 467 (see Glaser, Zwei Inschriften Uber den Dammbruch zu Marib [Berlin, 1897], 26).…”

“…For the analysis of the chronological problems see Shahid, "The Martyrs of Najrän", 235-242. 206 In her series of essays on medieval cities, Pigulevskaya devotes a special study to Najrän: "Les rapports sociaux à Najrän au début du VI' siècle de l'ère chrétienne", JESHO 3 (I960), [113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130] (see more recently in German: Byzanz auf den Wegen nach Indien, and believes, without sufficient proof, to have discovered the features of an antique city in Najrän (p. 113) in which classes had developed; the nobility (p. 112), the middle class consisting of merchants and craftsmen (pp. [122][123], and the class of agricultural labourers and slaves (pp.…”

“…Heffening himself is of the same opinion and his assessment of the fact is still valid, particularly with respect to the pre-Islamic and the early Islamic period: "Eine Handelsgeschichte der islamischen Länder zu schreiben, ist hier nicht der Ort, zumal die dazu erforderlichen Einzeluntersuchungen fast völlig fehlen." (p. 808) 15 From the philological aspect perhaps these parts of Lammens's work are the most worthless: Chapter 2: la Mecque: routes commerciales, [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] (116)(117)(118)(119)(120)(121)(122)(123)(124)(125)(126); Chapter 3: Accords diplomatiques et commerciaux, 31-49(127-145); Chapter 15: Les Qoraishites, le Bas-Empire et l 'Ethiopie,.…”

Meccan Trade and Islam: Problems of Origin and Structure

“…F. Wüstenfeld), 3 (Leipzig, 1859), 143-144; IH, 1:224. See on thisproblem Lammens, Mecque,[270][271][272][273][274][275][276][277][278][279];Watt, Mecca,[15][16]…”