Note sur la valeur azotée de fourrages pauvres traités par l'urée ou l'ammoniac

Benahmed, H.; Dulphy, J.P.; Dudilieu, Madeleine; Jailler, Marie; Jamot, Jacqueline; Bousquet, H.; L'hôtelier, L.

doi:10.1051/animres:19850307

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Une série d'essais sur le traitement des foins à l'ammoniac (B ENAHMED & D ULPHY , 1985 et 1986) a montré que la valeur azotée de ces foins traités était, en générral, plus faible que celle des foins témoins non traités. Deux causes principales peuvent être avancées : la destruction par le traitement de certains acides aminés du fourrage et la baisse de l'activité cellulolytique dans le rumen.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Influence de la complémentation des foins traités à l'ammoniac sur leur valeur nutritive

Benahmed¹,

Dulphy²,

Dudilieu³

et al. 1987

Ann. Zootech.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Influence de la complémentation des foins traités à l'ammoniac sur leur valeur nutritive

Benahmed¹,

Dulphy²,

Dudilieu³

et al. 1987

Ann. Zootech.

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“…Consequently, a substitute for ammonia has been sought. Jackson (1978) among others suggested the use of urea, which produces ammonia, and since then numerous workers including Kiangi et al (1981) (1983), Benhamed and Dulphy (1985) and Besle et al (1990a,b) found that straw intake was little or adversely affected by the treatment.…”

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The influence of urea treatment on the intake of wheat straw in sheep

Dulphy¹,

Jamot²,

Chenost³

et al. 1992

Ann. Zootech.

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Summary — The aim of this experiment was to determine the factors responsible for the frequently negative effects on intake of straw treated with urea, a source of ammonia. Five forages were prepared from the same wheat straw: untreated straw (UNS) used a control; anhydrous ammonia treated straw (NH 3 S); straw treated with urea alone (US); straw treated with urea and ground soyabean (USS); and straw treated with urea, soyabean and molasses (USMS). They were distributed ad libitum in conjunction with 170 g/day of soyabean oil cake to 5 sheep over 5 different periods. The experimental design was a 5 x 5 latin square. Ureolysis was low, moderate and high with US, USS and USMS respectively. Ammonia treatment had the greatest effect on the digestibility of plant cell walls (+12.5 points), followed by the treatment with urea and soyabean (+10.7 points). The treatment with urea alone was not very effective (+ 6.6 points). The treatments had a clearcut effect on the level of dry matter (DM) intake: +13%, -32%, -2% and +27% (of which 14% for the straw) for NH 3 s, US, USS and USMS respectively. The intake of US and USS during the main meal after distribution was much lower than that of the other 3 straws. With US, there were a large number of secondary meals. The intake rate of US was very low, 1.78 g of DM/min, and that of USMS high, 3.09 g of DM/min, compared with 2.57 g on average for the other 3 straws. The other variables concerning intake and rumination are also presented. The reticulo-rumen contents were always lower with US than with the other straws. They were highest with NH 3 S. In contrast, with NH 3 S and US the turnover rates of the DM of the contents were the same (3.3%). The DM content, pH and volatile fatty acid contents of the reticulo-rumen contents were measured. With US and USS the ammonia content was high (596 and 455 mg/i respectively on daily average). The results suggest that urea treatment decreased straw intake because ureolysis was too low, owing to feed unpalatability and perhaps to high ammonia content in the rumen. It is unlikely that the animals'digestive capacities (rumen fill and content turnover rate) were in any way responsible. More work needs to be carried out on improving the methods of treatment to achieve maximum ureolysis with urea-treated straw so that its intake is higher than that of control samples.

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“…Mieux traitée, elle s'identifierait à une paille traitée classiquement à l'ammoniac anhydre générale-ment plus digestible mais générant des teneurs plus élevées en MAND (Tab. II), en raison d'une fixation plus forte de l'azote sur la paille [3,5].…”

Section: Valeur Alimentaire Des Différentes Paillesunclassified

Proposition d'une méthode subhumide de traitement des pailles à l'urée

Larwence¹,

Triki²,

Chabaca³

et al. 2000

Ann. Zootech.

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-Study of a subhumid method of straw processing with urea. We tested a subhumid processing method which reduces water content by 50% without the contribution of exogenous urease sources. The principle consisted in applying a 7% urea solution to one out of two layers of straw at a 40% humidity level, the last upper layer being systematically watered. The stack was then sealed as for classic ammoniation. At the same time, a classic treatment (also with 7% urea) was performed. At the end of the treatment which lasted for 75 days during the summer, four straw-based diets were evaluated: untreated straw (NT), classically treated straw (UC), non-damped straw (ULNH) and damped straw (ULH). Intake and organic matter digestibility were measured in rams (6 per diet) fed on straw supplemented daily with 200 g concentrate. After processing, the nitrogenous matter content increased from 5.8% (NT) to 11.0, 12.6, and 16.1% for ULNH, UC, and ULH, respectively, whereas the dry matter intake of pure straw was 47.5, 52.7, 54.1 against 59.7 g . kg -1. PV -0.75 for NT, UC, ULH, and ULNH, respectively. Organic matter digestibility was higher for ULNH (59.4%) than for ULH (56.3%), UC (51.1%) and NT (46.0%). The amount of digestible organic matter intake was 23% higher for straw derived from the subhumid treatment than that resulting from the classical treatment. urea / subhumid-treated straw / ingestibility / digestibilityRésumé -Nous avons testé un procédé qui réduit de 50 % le volume d'eau recommandé pour le traitement des pailles à l'urée sans apport de sources d'uréase. Le principe consiste à arroser avec une solution de 7 % d'urée un lit de paille sur deux à 40 % d'humidité ; le premier lit de paille n'étant pas arrosé, et le dernier lit supérieur étant obligatoirement arrosé. L'opération achevée, la meule est fermée comme pour un traitement classique à l'ammoniac. À la fin du traitement qui a duré 76 jours (en été), quatre lots de paille ont été constitués : paille non traitée (NT), traitée classiquement (UC), non humidifiée (ULNH) et humidifiée (ULH). Nous avons mesuré chez des ovins pour chacun des 4 lots de paille distribuée avec 200 g de concentré, la quantité de matière sèche ingérée (MSI), les Ann. Zootech. 49 (2000)

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Note sur la valeur azotée de fourrages pauvres traités par l'urée ou l'ammoniac

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

Influence de la complémentation des foins traités à l'ammoniac sur leur valeur nutritive

Influence de la complémentation des foins traités à l'ammoniac sur leur valeur nutritive

The influence of urea treatment on the intake of wheat straw in sheep

Proposition d'une méthode subhumide de traitement des pailles à l'urée

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