Note on the Plymouth <i>‘Nitzschia’</i> Culture

Hendey, N. Ingram

doi:10.1017/s0025315400008377

Cited by 31 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…With prolonged cultivation on an agar surface the oval cells predominate, apparently being favoured since they have some ability to spread over the agar surface. Barker (1935) and Droop (see Hendey, 1954) have observed the transition to a predominance of oval cells on solid media. On the other hand, on prolonged cultivation in a liquid culture the fusiform cells predominate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…He considered the triradiate form to be identical with an organism of doubtful affinities, Phaeodactylurn tricornutum Bohlin, 1897. Electron micrographs of fusiform and triradiate cells of the Plymouth strain showed no evidence of a characteristic diatom structure in the walls (Hendey, 1954;Bourrelly & Dragesco, 1955). In the material examined by these workers there were evidently few or no oval forms present, since these were not illustrated.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Observations on Phaeodactylum tricornutum

Lewin

Philpott

1958

Journal of General Microbiology

160

111

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SUMMARY: Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin was isolated from a marine tank a t Woods Hole, Mass., U.S.A. It appeared to be identical with the Plymouth strain of ' Nitxschia closterium forma minutissima '. Cells were of two characteristic types, oval and fusiform, each of which remained constant for many cell divisions in clonal culture. Triradiate cells arose rarely as atypical forms of the fusiform variety. Oval cells could arise as endospores within a fusiform cell. The transition from oval to fusiform was also studied, but details of the life cycle remain to be worked out. Electron micrographs showed the fusiform cells to be devoid of any organized siliceous structure, in agreement with previous observations. However, the oval cells were seen to possess a silica valve of a pennate diatom type, resembling those of the genus Cymbella. Only one valve was present on each cell, the remainder of the cell wall being unsilicified. The valve was 6.2,~. long, was equipped with a raphe, and was perforated by pores arranged in 60 striae. Oval and fusiform cells both contained approximately the same amount of silica (04-0.5 yo dry weight). In each case, most of this silica could be recovered as a particulate fraction resistant to digestion in hot nitric acid. The silica obtained from oval cells was in the form of diatom valves, whereas that from fusiform cells consisted of irregular particles clearly not derived from broken silica walls.Mucilaginous capsular material, soluble in hot water, represented 16 % of the dry weight of oval cells; it was absent from fusiform cells. Acid hydrolysis and paper chromatography indicated xylose, mannose, fucose, and galactose as components of the capsule.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on Phaeodactylum tricornutum

Lewin

Philpott

1958

Journal of General Microbiology

160

111

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“…These results show a rapid and complete digestion of Isochrysis and Phaeodactylum. Whatever the true structure of the wall of Phaeodactylum (see Wilson, 1946, andHendey, 1954) it is evidently very easily attacked by digestion to release the protoplasmic contents of the cell. The majority of ingested Phaeodactylum had become' ghosts' in 45 min (Table XIV).…”

Section: Filteringefficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Filtering, feeding, and digestion in the lamellibranch Lasaea rubra

Ballantine

Morton

1956

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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Lasaea rubra is the smallest and commonest of Plymouth bivalves. It is intertidal on rocky shores, often in immense numbers, in crevices and other protected places, and in Pygmaeapumila (Colman, 1940).This bivalve is an excellent laboratory animal. It remains fully active for several days under laboratory conditions, and a large number of animals can be used in a single experiment, eliminating the variations in activity found when dealing with a few, or single.specimens of larger animals. Because of the relatively high position Lasaea rubramay occupy on the shore its feeding cycle is broken by regular dry periods at each tide. Thus, for experiments relating to periodicity in feeding, we have an animal whose times of feeding can easilybe ascertained and experimentallyvaried over a wide range. Lastly, in makingserial sections and in examiningtotal gut contents, in work on the digestivesystem, the small size of the animal is of obvious advantage.The present paper is devoted to an account of filtering rates with various food organisms, variations in filtering activity and the relation of filtering to feedingand digestion. Further work has been completedby oneofus (J.E.M.) on the mechanism of digestion and the cycleof activity of the digestivegland, and experiments are in progress on respiration during submersion and exposure.

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“…The first published electron microscope images of Plymouth 589 showed fusiform and triradiate cells only, and did not reveal any typical siliceous frustular components [ 11 ]. This study concluded that the cultures informally called the “Plymouth Nitzschia ” were, in fact, P .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic analysis and a review of the history of the accidental phytoplankter, Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin (Bacillariophyta)

et al. 2018

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The diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum has been used as a model for cell biologists and ecologists for over a century. We have incorporated several new raphid pennates into a three gene phylogenetic dataset (SSU, rbcL, psbC), and recover Gomphonemopsis sp. as sister to P. tricornutum with 100% BS support. This is the first time a close relative has been identified for P. tricornutum with robust statistical support. We test and reject a succession of hypotheses for other relatives. Our molecular data are statistically significantly incongruent with placement of either or both species among the Cymbellales, an order of diatoms with which both have been associated. We believe that further resolution of the phylogenetic position of P. tricornutum will rely more on increased taxon sampling than increased genetic sampling. Gomphonemopsis is a benthic diatom, and its phylogenetic relationship with P. tricornutum is congruent with the hypothesis that P. tricornutum is a benthic diatom with specific adaptations that lead to active recruitment into the plankton. We hypothesize that other benthic diatoms are likely to have similar adaptations and are not merely passively recruited into the plankton.

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Note on the Plymouth ‘Nitzschia’ Culture

Cited by 31 publications

References 3 publications

Observations on Phaeodactylum tricornutum

Observations on Phaeodactylum tricornutum

Filtering, feeding, and digestion in the lamellibranch Lasaea rubra

Phylogenetic analysis and a review of the history of the accidental phytoplankter, Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin (Bacillariophyta)

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