Note on the Kirchhoff rough surface solution in backscattering

Abstract

The purpose of this note is to demonstrate that an existing Kirchhoff solution by Beckmann and Spizzichino for the average backscattered power from a randomly rough surface correctly provides frequency dependence for a computer-generated surface. In addition, it also approaches the geometrical optics solution in the high-frequency limit. Results indicate that for backscattering near vertical incidence this solution is more general and useful for applications than the geometric optics solution (given by (5) in section 2).

Rock unit discrimination on Landsat TM, SIR-C and Radarsat images using spectral and textural information

“…Figure 3 shows that the L-HV image may be more useful for discriminating different rock units than the L-HH image as far as image tone is concerned. In fact, many theories believe that cross-polarized return is dominated by subsurface volume scattering (Blanchard andRouse 1980, Fung andEom 1981), and that the relative cross-polarized return is much lower than like-polarized (Fung and Ulaby 1983). Schaber et al (1997) believe that the improved discrimination of rock unit tones in cross-polarized images is mainly a result of increased backscattering Figure 5.…”

Backscattering from Inhomogeneous Media with Irregular Boundaries.

“…Surface scattering models for rough surfaces with a wide range of rms surface heights have been tested [Fung and Eom, 1981a] and demonstrated to be of practical value [Fung and Eom, 1981c] for natural soil surfaces.…”

Calculations of the Microwave Brightness Temperature of Rough Soil Surfaces: Bare Field

“…If the roughness of a surface is characterized by the two parameters: the surface height standard deviation a and the correlation length 1. then the two components in Equa- The quantities a an9 a in Equation (4) The formulas given in Equations [3] and [5] were derived without including tt.e correction of shadowing effect of a rough surface scattering. The shadowing effect arises when part of a rough surface may be shadowed by other parts of the surface at a given look angle.…”

“…and the corresponding autocorrelation function. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] 285/84…”