Note on the effect of shadowing on the backscattering of waves from a random rough surface

Brockelman, Richard A.; Hagfors, T.

doi:10.1109/tap.1966.1138758

Cited by 71 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This is also an intuitive result, but one that is difficult to quantify without using geometric optics simulation. The shadowing results in Figure 3 have been compared to the shadowing function derived by Brockelman and Hagfors [21], as well as to the shadowing function corresponding to Beckmann scattering theory [8]. Brockelman and Hagfors derive a shadowing function, R(θ), which accounts for facets of the surface that are tilted but are not in fact in shadow due to the parallel alignment of the incident radiation.…”

Section: Surface Scattering Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Tools and Approaches for Design and Control of Coating and Composite Color, Appearance, and Electromagnetic Signature

Sapper

Hinderliter

2013

Coatings

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Abstract:The transport behavior of electromagnetic radiation through a polymeric coating or composite is the basis for the material color, appearance, and overall electromagnetic signature. As multifunctional materials become more advanced and next generation in-service applications become more demanding, a need for predictive design of electromagnetic signature is desired. This paper presents various components developed and used in a computational suite for the study and design of electromagnetic radiation transport properties in polymeric coatings and composites. Focus is given to the treatment of the forward or direct scattering problem on surfaces and in bulk matrices of polymeric materials. The suite consists of surface and bulk light scattering simulation modules that may be coupled together to produce a multiscale model for predicting the electromagnetic signature of various material systems. Geometric optics ray tracing is used to predict surface scattering behavior of realistically rough surfaces, while a coupled ray tracing-finite element approach is used to predict bulk scattering behavior of material matrices consisting of microscale and nanoscale fillers, pigments, fibers, air voids, and other inclusions. Extension of the suite to color change and appearance metamerism is addressed, as well as the differences between discrete versus statistical material modeling. OPEN ACCESSCoatings 2013, 3 60

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Section: Surface Scattering Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Tools and Approaches for Design and Control of Coating and Composite Color, Appearance, and Electromagnetic Signature

Sapper

Hinderliter

2013

Coatings

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“…The algorithm is based on the work of Brokelman and Hagfors [18]. It is summarized in Table 5 of [19], in which the algorithm is extended to the general bistatic configuration.…”

Section: Illuminated Normalized Height Pdf From a Monte-carlo Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forward Radar Propagation Over Oil Slicks on Sea Surfaces Using the Ament Model With Shadowing Effect

Pinel¹,

Bourlier²,

Saillard³

2007

PIER

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Abstract-This paper is devoted to the forward radar propagation over clean and contaminated seas, using the Ament model and by taking the shadowing effect into account. The well-known Rayleigh parameter, which characterizes the degree of roughness of a corrugated surface for the case of reflection on a rough surface, is presented. Then, it is extended to the transmission through a rough surface, and to the reflection on a layer of two rough interfaces. This extended Rayleigh parameter allows then to calculate the forward radar propagation over oil slicks on sea surfaces, using the Ament model. Moreover, the model is improved by taking the shadowing effect into account. Numerical results of contaminated seas are presented, and compared to that of clean seas.

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“…The shadowing effect arises when part of a rough surface may be shadowed by other parts of the surface at a given look angle. It has been shown [20][21][22][23] that the shadowing effect is importan t_ for rough surfaces, particularly at large incident angles and that energy conservation would be violated if the shadowing effect were neglected.…”

Section: -2 Section 2 -The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 6h , dowing function S(9) has been studied by many investigators (20)(21)(22)(23). In this study, the function S (9) given by Wagner [22] is used and it has the form,…”

Section: -2 Section 2 -The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculations of the Microwave Brightness Temperature of Rough Soil Surfaces: Bare Field

Mo¹,

Schmugge

Wang

1987

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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Note on the effect of shadowing on the backscattering of waves from a random rough surface

Cited by 71 publications

References 10 publications

Computational Tools and Approaches for Design and Control of Coating and Composite Color, Appearance, and Electromagnetic Signature

Computational Tools and Approaches for Design and Control of Coating and Composite Color, Appearance, and Electromagnetic Signature

Forward Radar Propagation Over Oil Slicks on Sea Surfaces Using the Ament Model With Shadowing Effect

Calculations of the Microwave Brightness Temperature of Rough Soil Surfaces: Bare Field

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