Note on the coefficient of variations of neuronal spike trains

Lengler, Johannes; Steger, Angelika

doi:10.1007/s00422-017-0717-y

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The results of ANOVA demonstrated that the extraction time and extraction power (BD) had a significant (p < 0.05) negative effect on the comprehensive evaluation value ( Table 1). The coefficient of variation (CV) is defined as the quotient of standard deviation and mean value [36,37]. CV was used for analyzing the statistical data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Optimization of the Ultrasonic Extraction Method and Determination of the Antioxidant Activities of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A and Anhydrosafflor Yellow B from Safflower Using a Response Surface Methodology

Zhang

Jin

et al. 2020

Molecules

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An evaluation of the ultrasonic extraction process and the antioxidant activities of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) and anhydrosafflor yellow B (AHSYB) from safflower are presented herein. Using response surface methodology (RSM), based on a four-factor-three-level Box–Behnken design (BBD), the extraction parameters, namely, temperature, extraction time, solvent-to-material ratio, and extraction power, were optimized for maximizing the yields of HSYA and AHSYB. The maximum yield was obtained at a temperature of 66 °C with an extraction time of 36 min, solvent-to-material ratio of 16 mL/g, and the extraction power of 150 W, which was adjusted according to the actual conditions. The HSYA and AHSYB contents were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The yield and the comprehensive evaluation value of HSYA and AHSYB were calculated. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined using a ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) kit and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The results suggested that the safflower extracts possessed obvious ferric reducing and DPPH radical scavenging activities. The antioxidant activity increased with increasing concentration. The results suggested that optimizing the conditions of ultrasonic extraction using RSM can significantly increase the yields of HSYA and AHSYB from safflower. The safflower extracts showed better antioxidant activity. This study can encourage future research on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Optimization of the Ultrasonic Extraction Method and Determination of the Antioxidant Activities of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A and Anhydrosafflor Yellow B from Safflower Using a Response Surface Methodology

Zhang

Jin

et al. 2020

Molecules

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“…2008; Paprocki and Szczepanski 2011, 2013a, b; Urner et al. 2013; Lengler and Steger 2017; Voronenko and Lindner 2018). The problem of coding and decoding spike trains is central both to understanding how neurons process information (Rieke et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information processing in the LGN: a comparison of neural codes and cell types

et al. 2019

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To understand how anatomy and physiology allow an organism to perform its function, it is important to know how information that is transmitted by spikes in the brain is received and encoded. A natural question is whether the spike rate alone encodes the information about a stimulus ( rate code ), or additional information is contained in the temporal pattern of the spikes ( temporal code ). Here we address this question using data from the cat Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN), which is the visual portion of the thalamus, through which visual information from the retina is communicated to the visual cortex. We analyzed the responses of LGN neurons to spatially homogeneous spots of various sizes with temporally random luminance modulation. We compared the Firing Rate with the Shannon Information Transmission Rate , which quantifies the information contained in the temporal relationships between spikes. We found that the behavior of these two rates can differ quantitatively. This suggests that the energy used for spiking does not translate directly into the information to be transmitted. We also compared Firing Rates with Information Rates for X-ON and X-OFF cells. We found that, for X-ON cells the Firing Rate and Information Rate often behave in a completely different way, while for X-OFF cells these rates are much more highly correlated. Our results suggest that for X-ON cells a more efficient “temporal code” is employed, while for X-OFF cells a straightforward “rate code” is used, which is more reliable and is correlated with energy consumption.

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“…irregular, continues to be a topic of scientific discussion. [4,5,[18][19][20][21][22] A standard measure of irregularity is the coefficient of variation c V of the inter-spike interval (ISI). With c V equal to 1, the Poisson process divides the landscape of stochastic time series into more regular processes with small fluctuations and c V < 1 on the one hand, and on the other hand, highly irregular ones with large fluctuations and c V > 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Neuronal Spikes to Avalanches -- Effects and Circumvention of Time Binning

Pausch¹

2021

Preprint

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Branching with immigration is one of the most common models for the stochastic processes observed in neuronal circuits. However, it is not observed directly and, in order to create branchinglike processes, the observed spike time series is processed by attaching time bins to spikes. It has been shown that results such as criticality and size distributions depend on the chosen time bin. A different methodology whose results do not depend on the choice of time bin might therefore be useful and is proposed in this article.The new methodology circumvents using time bins altogether by replacing the previously used discrete-time models by continuous-time models. First, the article introduces and characterises a continuous-time version of the branching process with immigration, which will be called pumped branching process, and second, it presents an analytical derivation of the corresponding spike statistics, which can be directly compared to observed spike time series. The presented approach allows determining the degree of criticality, the average number of overlapping avalanches, and other observables without using a time bin. Furthermore, the effects caused by using time bins are analyzed and the influence of temporal and spatial subsampling discussed, all of which is compared to experimental data and supported by Monte Carlo simulations.

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Note on the coefficient of variations of neuronal spike trains

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Simultaneous Optimization of the Ultrasonic Extraction Method and Determination of the Antioxidant Activities of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A and Anhydrosafflor Yellow B from Safflower Using a Response Surface Methodology

Simultaneous Optimization of the Ultrasonic Extraction Method and Determination of the Antioxidant Activities of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A and Anhydrosafflor Yellow B from Safflower Using a Response Surface Methodology

Information processing in the LGN: a comparison of neural codes and cell types

From Neuronal Spikes to Avalanches -- Effects and Circumvention of Time Binning

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