“…The vibrations of the tank walls (bottom plate and shell) take the name of bulging modes when the amplitude of the wall displacement is predominant to that of the free surface; in this case, the tank walls and base oscillate with the liquid. The sloshing modes of circular cylindrical tanks having a flexible bottom and rigid shell wall were studied, for example, by Bleich (1956), Bhuta and Koval (1964a,b), Tong (1967), Siek-CCC 1070-9622/97/01051-18 51 mann and Chang (1968), Bauer and Siekmann (1969), and Capodanno (1989); other references are given in Abramson (1966). Both sloshing and bulging axisymmetric modes of the bottom plates were experimentally and theoretically studied by Chiba, who also investigated the effect of the static deflection due to the fluid weight (Chiba, 1992(Chiba, , 1993 and the effect of a Winkler foundation (Chiba, 1994) on the bottom plate vibrations.…”