Note on Fitting the Multi-Hit Survival Curve

Gurian, Joan

doi:10.2307/3001756

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Survivor counts of spores irradiated in peas, chicken soup, and pork are presented in Tables 1 through 3. The general multi-hit curve (5) was fitted using the objective statistical procedure of IGmball ( 4 ) as modified by Gurian (2). Unfortunately, this method, which has proven useful with relatively non-resistant organisms, fits experimental points at the top of the curve very closely at the expense of points several log cycles down.…”

Section: R E S U L T S and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DESTRUCTION OF CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM BY IONIZING RADIATION PART II. PEAS, CHICKEN SOUP, AND PORK IN THE FROZEN STATE^a,^b

Pratt¹,

Wheaton²,

Bohrer

et al. 1959

Journal of Food Science

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Determination of the radiation dose required to destroy spores of the toxin producing organism, Cl. botulinum, and produce a safe, sterile product is essential before irradiated foods can be introduced to consumers. The magnitude of cost and of such problems as changes in flavor, odor, texture, and nutrients, of course, depends very largely upon the radiation dose required for sterilization.Six-hundred cans each of peas, cream of chicken soup, and parboiled pork were inoculated with approximately 1,000,000 spores of CZ. botulinunz per can and subjected, in the frozen state, to various levels of gamma radiation from mixed fission products in spent fuel elements.Counts were made of surviving organisms in representative samplcs after irradiation and the remaining samples placed in incubation at 86" F. (30" C.) for one year.Counts of surviving spores, as well as tests for botulinum toxin, were made on flat cans surviving the year of incubation. E X P E R I M E N T A L P R O C E D U R EInoculum. Spore suspensions used throughout consisted of a mixture of 5 strains of C1. botzilinzm. Type A, and a mixture of 5 strains of Type B, all of which were grown separately on Wheaton's beef heart casein medium (7), concentrated, suspendcd in water, and heat shocked 10 minutes at 170" F. (77" C.) The 2 mixtures were provided by C. T.Townsend of the Western Laboratory of the National Canners Association. Dilutions of the original suspensions were made to permit inoculation of approximately 5,000 spores of cach type per gram of product.Peas for this pack, Perfection variety garden run, were blanched 3 minutes in boiling water, cooled, and frozen until ready for use. Sixty-one grams of peas were weighed into each 202 x 202 can and the mixed spore inoculum added by pipette. Cans were hrined with 36 ml. cold brine (1.4% sodium chloride, 4.8% sucrose) and close,d at 58-65°F. (14-18°C.) under 25 inches of mechanical vacuum.Chicken soup. Concentrated cream of chicken soup was removed from a commercial line without thermal processing and was returned frozen to Barrington for inoculation. Ninety-eight grams were filled into each 202 x 202 can and mixed spore inoculum added by pipette. Contents were stirred to insure distribution of spores, and the cans were closed at 5558°F. (13-14°C.) under 25 inches of mechanical vacuum.Peas.

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Section: R E S U L T S and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DESTRUCTION OF CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM BY IONIZING RADIATION PART II. PEAS, CHICKEN SOUP, AND PORK IN THE FROZEN STATE^a,^b

Pratt¹,

Wheaton²,

Bohrer

et al. 1959

Journal of Food Science

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“…historically tend to target family members for reasons of profit, use poison as their method of murder, kill locally or within a specific place, and kill within 6 years or less." 224 Thus, while they account for a small fraction of all serial murders, their behavior and motivations are quite distinct. A handful of other noteworthy demographic characteristics necessarily require attention when understanding serial killer profiles.…”

Section: A Review Of Serial Crime Scholarshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elephants in the Station House: Serial Crimes, Wrongful Convictions, and Expanding Wrongful Conviction Analysis to Include Police Investigation

Zalman

Larson

2016

SSRN Journal

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“…The weighting factor W j " ' , in this situation, best applies. The weighting factors proposed by Kimball (1953) and Gurian (1956) are equivalent to ( l j land 1 respectively for the least squares treatment of expression (1) used herein.…”

Section: Letmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A refinement of this procedure given by Kimball (1953) employs graphical analysis to avoid some of the hand computational drudgery entailed by a completely iterative procedure. Gurian (1956) greatly increased the versatility of Kimball's method by calling attention to t'he importance of using a statistical weighting function appropriate to the observed and/or suspected variability in experimental technique and measure. During the last few years, medium and high speed computers have become increasingly more accessible t o the researcher.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

On Estimating the Constants of the `Multi-Hit' Curve Using a Medium Speed Digital Computer

Tyler¹,

Dipert²

1962

Phys. Med. Biol.

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Note on Fitting the Multi-Hit Survival Curve

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

DESTRUCTION OF CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM BY IONIZING RADIATION PART II. PEAS, CHICKEN SOUP, AND PORK IN THE FROZEN STATE^a,^b

DESTRUCTION OF CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM BY IONIZING RADIATION PART II. PEAS, CHICKEN SOUP, AND PORK IN THE FROZEN STATE^a,^b

Elephants in the Station House: Serial Crimes, Wrongful Convictions, and Expanding Wrongful Conviction Analysis to Include Police Investigation

On Estimating the Constants of the `Multi-Hit' Curve Using a Medium Speed Digital Computer

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Note on Fitting the Multi-Hit Survival Curve

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

DESTRUCTION OF CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM BY IONIZING RADIATION PART II. PEAS, CHICKEN SOUP, AND PORK IN THE FROZEN STATEa,b

DESTRUCTION OF CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM BY IONIZING RADIATION PART II. PEAS, CHICKEN SOUP, AND PORK IN THE FROZEN STATEa,b

Elephants in the Station House: Serial Crimes, Wrongful Convictions, and Expanding Wrongful Conviction Analysis to Include Police Investigation

On Estimating the Constants of the `Multi-Hit' Curve Using a Medium Speed Digital Computer

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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DESTRUCTION OF CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM BY IONIZING RADIATION PART II. PEAS, CHICKEN SOUP, AND PORK IN THE FROZEN STATE^a,^b

DESTRUCTION OF CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM BY IONIZING RADIATION PART II. PEAS, CHICKEN SOUP, AND PORK IN THE FROZEN STATE^a,^b