Not urbanization level but socioeconomic, physical and social neighbourhood characteristics are associated with presence and severity of depressive and anxiety disorders

Generaal, Ellen; Timmermans, Erik J.; Dekkers, J.E.C.; Smit, Johannes H.; Penninx, Brenda W.J.H.

doi:10.1017/s0033291718000612

Cited by 98 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Using genetically and environmentally wellcharacterized longitudinal data from a populationbased birth cohort, we therefore investigated (1) whether markers of the social environment at birth, including population density, deprivation, inequality, and social fragmentation were associated with positive and negative psychotic symptoms in adolescence; (2) whether PRS for schizophrenia were associated with social environments at birth; and (3) whether PRS for schizophrenia potentially confounded any associations between social environments at birth and positive or negative psychotic symptoms in adolescence. Consistent with available evidence, 21,29 we hypothesized that positive symptoms would be associated with greater population density at birth, and that deprivation and social fragmentation would be associated with both positive and negative symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…54 Although the evidence linking the social environment to depression is more mixed than for psychosis, 55,56 a recent Dutch cross-sectional study found that neighborhood social characteristics, including low socioeconomic status and the proportion of people on benefits, were associated with rates of depression, but that population density was not. 29 In the ALSPAC sample, we have also previously shown that low levels of maternally reported neighborhood cohesion and high levels of neighborhood stress in childhood predict offspring depressive symptoms at age 18 years. 35 Our results, and other, 57 are compatible with the possibility that early social fragmentation may influence future risk of depression as well as psychosis.…”

Section: Comparison With Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Neighbourhood characteristics at birth and positive and negative psychotic symptoms in adolescence: findings from the ALSPAC birth cohort

Solmi¹,

Kirkbride²

2018

Preprint

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Objective: Urban birth is associated with risk of non-affective psychoses. While emerging evidence suggests that this association is also apparent for subclinical positive psychotic phenomena in the general population, few studies have considered which specific aspects of the urban environment predict risk, or whether these factors also increase the likelihood of negative symptoms. Method: Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, linked to census geographical indicators, we examined whether population density, deprivation, inequality, and social fragmentation at birth were associated with negative and positive psychotic symptoms at age 16 and 18 years, respectively. We used logistic regression models, controlling for child’s ethnicity, maternal age, education, marital status, social class, depressive symptoms, other neighbourhood exposures, and, in sensitivity analyses, polygenic risk scores (PRS) for schizophrenia in a sub-sample of children of white ethnicity (N=10,283). Results: Amongst 11,879 adolescents, those born in the most densely populated tertile had greater odds of reporting positive psychotic experiences, after multivariable adjustment (odds ratio (OR): 1.57, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.14 – 2.17). Adolescents born in the most socially fragmented neighbourhoods had greater odds of negative symptoms, after multivariable adjustment (OR: 1.43, 95%CI: 1.06 – 1.85). These associations were not confounded by schizophrenia PRS. There was no evidence of any other associations. Discussion: Birth into more densely populated and socially fragmented environments increased risk of positive and negative psychotic phenomena in adolescence. Our findings suggest that different forms of neighbourhood social adversity impinge on different psychopathophysiologies associated with the clinical expression of psychosis.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Comparison With Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 80%

Neighbourhood characteristics at birth and positive and negative psychotic symptoms in adolescence: findings from the ALSPAC birth cohort

Solmi¹,

Kirkbride²

2018

Preprint

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“…In 3 aktuellen niederländischen Studien wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen Verkehrslärm und dem Vorhandensein von Depressionen und Angststörungen untersucht [28][29][30]. Leijssen et al zeigten, dass Straßenverkehrslärmexposition mit erhöhter Wahrscheinlichkeit einer bestehenden depressiven Verstimmung einhergeht (n = 23 293; OR 1,65; 95 %-KI 1,10-2,48 beim Vergleich von ≥ 70 vs. 45-54 dB(A) L den ), die unabhängig von ethnischen und sozioökonomischen Ungleichheiten zwischen den Expositionsgruppen war [28].…”

Section: Lärmbelästigungunclassified

“…In einer Studie (n = 2980) von Generaal et al war Verkehrslärm mit einer OR von 1,26 (95 %-KI 1,08-1,47) für das Vorhandensein einer Depression bzw. mit einer OR von 1,29 (95 %-KI 1,11-1,50) für eine bestehende Angststörung pro Zunahme um 3,21 dB(A) L den assoziiert [29]. Die gepoolte Analyse von 8 niederländischen Kohortenstudien (n = 32 487) ergab eine OR von 1,05 (95 %-KI 0,96-1,15) für den Zusammenhang zwischen Verkehrslärm und einer prävalenten Depression, wobei hier kritisch angemerkt werden muss, dass in der Hälfte der eingeschlossenen Studien die Bestimmung der Verkehrslärmpegel 1-2 Jahre später erfolgte als die Erfassung der Depression [30].…”

Section: Lärmbelästigungunclassified

Auswirkungen von Umweltrisikofaktoren wie Lärm und Luftverschmutzung auf die psychische Gesundheit: Was wissen wir?

Hahad

Beutel

Gilan

et al. 2020

Dtsch Med Wochenschr

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ZusammenfassungImmer mehr Studien unterstreichen die Rolle von Lärm und Luftverschmutzung als bedeutsame Umweltrisikofaktoren. Ungeklärt ist, welche Einflüsse Lärm und Luftverschmutzung auf die psychische Gesundheit ausüben. Aktuelle Studienergebnisse zeigen, dass Umgebungslärm (vor allem Verkehrslärm) und verschiedene Bestandteile von Luftverschmutzung (vor allem Feinstaub) das Risiko für psychische Erkrankungen wie Depressionen, Angststörungen, Psychosen und Suizid erhöhen können. Pathophysiologische Mechanismen umfassen sowohl biologische (wie oxidativen Stress und Inflammation) als auch psychosoziale Faktoren (wie mentalen Stress). Umweltrisikofaktoren wie Lärm und Luftverschmutzung können einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die psychische Gesundheit ausüben. Aufgrund der teils heterogenen Studienergebnisse und der limitierten Verfügbarkeit von methodisch hochwertigen Längsschnittstudien sind zwingend weitere Untersuchungen notwendig, um tiefere Einblicke in diese Zusammenhänge zu erhalten.

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“…1 In addition to research on individual-level risk factors, growing attention is being paid to the wider determinants of mental health inequalities. Research has shown that the urban environment is linked with common mental disorders 2 and psychotic illnesses, 3 and this relationship may be explained by local differences in both social and physical conditions, 4 including income deprivation, crime, or social cohesion. 5−7 Although most of the research on contextual risks is focused on the association with area-based poverty, evidence is more limited regarding the causal pathways linking neighborhood deprivation to mental disorders.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood Crime and Psychotropic Medications: A Longitudinal Data Linkage Study of 130,000 Scottish Adults

Baranyi

Cherrie

Curtis

et al. 2020

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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Introduction: Although neighborhood crime has been associated with mental health problems, longitudinal research utilizing objective measures of small-area crime and mental health service use is lacking. This study examines how local crime is associated with newly prescribed psychotropic medications in a large longitudinal sample of Scottish adults and explores whether the relationships vary between sociodemographic groups. Methods: Data from the Scottish Longitudinal Study, a 5.3% representative sample of the population, were linked with police-recorded crime in 2011 for residential locality and with psychotropic medications from 2009 to 2014, extracted from the prescription data set of National Health Service Scotland. Individuals receiving medication during the first 6 months of observation were excluded; the remaining sample was followed for 5.5 years. Covariate-adjusted, multilevel mixed-effects logistic models estimated associations between area crime and prescriptions for antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anxiolytics (analyzed in 2018−2019). Results: After adjustment for individual and neighborhood covariates, findings on 129,945 adults indicated elevated risk of antidepressant (OR=1.05, 95% CI=1.00, 1.10) and antipsychotic (OR=1.20, 95% CI=1.03, 1.39), but not anxiolytic (OR=0.99, 95% CI=0.93, 1.05) medication in high-crime areas. Crime showed stronger positive association with antidepressants among individuals (especially women) aged 24−53 years in 2009 and with antipsychotics among men aged 44−53 years in 2009. Skilled workers and people from lower nonmanual occupations had increased risk of medications in high-crime areas. Conclusions: Local crime is an important predictor of mental health, independent of individual and other contextual risk factors. Place-based crime prevention and targeting vulnerable groups may have benefits for population mental health.

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Not urbanization level but socioeconomic, physical and social neighbourhood characteristics are associated with presence and severity of depressive and anxiety disorders

Abstract: These findings suggest that it is not population density in the neighbourhood, but rather the quality of socioeconomic, physical and social neighbourhood characteristics that is associated with the presence and severity of affective disorders.

Cited by 98 publications

References 78 publications

Neighbourhood characteristics at birth and positive and negative psychotic symptoms in adolescence: findings from the ALSPAC birth cohort

Neighbourhood characteristics at birth and positive and negative psychotic symptoms in adolescence: findings from the ALSPAC birth cohort

Auswirkungen von Umweltrisikofaktoren wie Lärm und Luftverschmutzung auf die psychische Gesundheit: Was wissen wir?

Neighborhood Crime and Psychotropic Medications: A Longitudinal Data Linkage Study of 130,000 Scottish Adults

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