Not So Uncertain at Last: Locus Coeruleus and Decision Making

Düzel, Emrah; Guitart-Masip, Marc

doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.06.023

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…However, Yu and Dayan (2005) proposed a different, complementary role of ACh and NE, in which only expected uncertainty, linked to the known stochasticity (lack of reliability) of a predictive relationship, is coded by ACh. NE, on the other hand, tracks unexpected uncertainty; that is, the actual, important changes in the regularities governing the relationships in the world (Duzel & Guitart-Masip, 2013; Payzan-LeNestour, Dunne, Bossaerts, & O’Doherty, 2013). A context-dependent modulation of the balance between these two must ensure that learning is enabled when learning is due (for actual changes).…”

Section: Neurobiological Underpinningsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Precise minds in uncertain worlds: Predictive coding in autism.

Cruys¹,

Evers²,

Hallen³

et al. 2014

Psychological Review

688

795

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There have been numerous attempts to explain the enigma of autism, but existing neurocognitive theories often provide merely a refined description of 1 cluster of symptoms. Here we argue that deficits in executive functioning, theory of mind, and central coherence can all be understood as the consequence of a core deficit in the flexibility with which people with autism spectrum disorder can process violations to their expectations. More formally we argue that the human mind processes information by making and testing predictions and that the errors resulting from violations to these predictions are given a uniform, inflexibly high weight in autism spectrum disorder. The complex, fluctuating nature of regularities in the world and the stochastic and noisy biological system through which people experience it require that, in the real world, people not only learn from their errors but also need to (meta-)learn to sometimes ignore errors. Especially when situations (e.g., social) or stimuli (e.g., faces) become too complex or dynamic, people need to tolerate a certain degree of error in order to develop a more abstract level of representation. Starting from an inability to flexibly process prediction errors, a number of seemingly core deficits become logically secondary symptoms. Moreover, an insistence on sameness or the acting out of stereotyped and repetitive behaviors can be understood as attempts to provide a reassuring sense of predictive success in a world otherwise filled with error. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved).

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Section: Neurobiological Underpinningsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…relationships in the world (Duzel & Guitart-Masip, 2013;Payzan-LeNestour, Dunne, Bossaerts, & O'Doherty, 2013). A contextdependent modulation of the balance between these two must ensure that learning is enabled when learning is due (for actual changes).…”

Section: Precision Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precise minds in uncertain worlds: Predictive coding in autism.

Cruys¹,

Evers²,

Hallen³

et al. 2014

Psychological Review

688

795

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A similar reciprocal influence exists between the LC and motor activity. A theoretical framework was established in the last decade, proposing that the phasic activity of LC is an interrupt signal that represents “unexpected uncertainty”, and, in turn, modulates sensorimotor transformation [ 130 , 131 , 132 ]. This process may be the foundation of various forms of adaptive behaviors.…”

Section: Lc Modulates Sensorimotor Transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Locus Coeruleus in Non-Mammalian Vertebrates

Wang

2022

Brain Sciences

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The locus coeruleus (LC) is a vertebrate-specific nucleus and the primary source of norepinephrine (NE) in the brain. This nucleus has conserved properties across species: highly homogeneous cell types, a small number of cells but extensive axonal projections, and potent influence on brain states. Comparative studies on LC benefit greatly from its homogeneity in cell types and modularity in projection patterns, and thoroughly understanding the LC-NE system could shed new light on the organization principles of other more complex modulatory systems. Although studies on LC are mainly focused on mammals, many of the fundamental properties and functions of LC are readily observable in other vertebrate models and could inform mammalian studies. Here, we summarize anatomical and functional studies of LC in non-mammalian vertebrate classes, fish, amphibians, reptiles, and birds, on topics including axonal projections, gene expressions, homeostatic control, and modulation of sensorimotor transformation. Thus, this review complements mammalian studies on the role of LC in the brain.

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“…Physiologically, regulation of arousal and autonomic function is related to the activity of the locus coeruleus norepinephrine (LC‐NE) and basal forebrain cholinergic (BF‐Ch) systems (Aston‐Jones & Cohen, 2005; Benarroch, 2009, 2021; Berridge, 2008; Everitt & Robbins, 1997; Liebe et al, 2022; Sara, 2009). The LC‐NE activity plays an important role in enhancing the processing of information salience (Vazey et al, 2018; Wang & Munoz, 2015) and has been shown to have an influence on decision making (de Gee et al, 2017; Duzel & Guitart‐Masip, 2013). BF‐Ch activity is a key component in promoting sensory perception (Pinto et al, 2013) and in emotion regulation (Ballinger et al, 2016; Bentley et al, 2003a, 2003b; McGaugh, 2004; Picciottoet al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholinergic‐related pupil activity reflects level of emotionality during motor performance

Vidal

Onderdijk

Aguilera

et al. 2023

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Pupil size covaries with the diffusion rate of the cholinergic and noradrenergic neurons throughout the brain, which are essential to arousal. Recent findings suggest that slow pupil fluctuations during locomotion are an index of sustained activity in cholinergic axons, whereas phasic dilations are related to the activity of noradrenergic axons. Here, we investigated movement induced arousal (i.e., by singing and swaying to music), hypothesising that actively engaging in musical behaviour will provoke stronger emotional engagement in participants and lead to different qualitative patterns of tonic and phasic pupil activity. A challenge in the analysis of pupil data is the turbulent behaviour of pupil diameter due to exogenous ocular activity commonly encountered during motor tasks and the high variability typically found between individuals. To address this, we developed an algorithm that adaptively estimates and removes pupil responses to ocular events, as well as a functional data methodology, derived from Pfaffs' generalised arousal, that provides a new statistical dimension on how pupil data can be interpreted according to putative neuromodulatory signalling. We found that actively engaging in singing enhanced slow cholinergic‐related pupil dilations and having the opportunity to move your body while performing amplified the effect of singing on pupil activity. Phasic pupil oscillations during motor execution attenuated in time, which is often interpreted as a measure of sense of agency over movement.

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Not So Uncertain at Last: Locus Coeruleus and Decision Making

Abstract: A report by Payzan-LeNestour et al. (2013) in this issue of Neuron shows that the human locus coeruleus, a brain stem nucleus containing cell bodies of noradrenergic neurons, dynamically tracks the level of uncertainty about knowledge of the environment while making decisions.

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Precise minds in uncertain worlds: Predictive coding in autism.

Precise minds in uncertain worlds: Predictive coding in autism.

Locus Coeruleus in Non-Mammalian Vertebrates

Cholinergic‐related pupil activity reflects level of emotionality during motor performance

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