Not-so-tip-growth

Geitmann, Anja; Dumais, Jacques

doi:10.4161/psb.4.2.7633

Cited by 35 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In contrast, down-regulation of NaRALF promotes root growth and causes abnormal bulbous root hair growth, followed by cell bursting (Wu et al, 2007). Given these observations and our own results, it is possible that SlPRALF plays a role in regulating localized cell expansion in emerging pollen tubes to produce a cylindrical allometrically expanding structure with growth limited to the tip (Lancelle and Hepler, 1992;Geitmann and Dumais, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

A Pollen-Specific RALF from Tomato That Regulates Pollen Tube Elongation

et al. 2010

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Rapid Alkalinization Factors (RALFs) are plant peptides that rapidly increase the pH of plant suspension cell culture medium and inhibit root growth. A pollen-specific tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) RALF (SlPRALF) has been identified. The SlPRALF gene encodes a preproprotein that appears to be processed and released from the pollen tube as an active peptide. A synthetic SlPRALF peptide based on the putative active peptide did not affect pollen hydration or viability but inhibited the elongation of normal pollen tubes in an in vitro growth system. Inhibitory effects of SlPRALF were detectable at concentrations as low as 10 nm, and complete inhibition was observed at 1 μ m peptide. At least 10-fold higher levels of alkSlPRALF, which lacks disulfide bonds, were required to see similar effects. A greater effect of peptide was observed in low-pH-buffered medium. Inhibition of pollen tube elongation was reversible if peptide was removed within 15 min of exposure. Addition of 100 nm SlPRALF to actively growing pollen tubes inhibited further elongation until tubes were 40 to 60 μm in length, after which pollen tubes became resistant to the peptide. The onset of resistance correlated with the timing of the exit of the male germ unit from the pollen grain into the tube. Thus, exogenous SlPRALF acts as a negative regulator of pollen tube elongation within a specific developmental window.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

A Pollen-Specific RALF from Tomato That Regulates Pollen Tube Elongation

et al. 2010

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“…The spatial distribution of surface expansion for pollen tubes has not hitherto been quantified. Should they turn out to be similar to those observed in root hairs, the spatial distribution of the rate of material delivery would correspond to that of mechanical deformation of the cell wall (Geitmann and Dumais 2009). It would then be interesting to compare the data obtained on pollen tubes and root hairs with those in other tip-growing systems.…”

Section: The Logistics Of Materials Transportmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Geitmann (&) Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada e-mail: anja.geitmann@umontreal.ca former, cell wall expansion occurs over the entire length of the cellular protrusion, whereas in the latter, the highest rate of expansion is localized at the apical pole of the cell. Root hairs and pollen tubes seem to represent an intermediary type since while the pole does expand, the highest rates of surface expansion are observed in an annular region around the pole of the cell (Geitmann and Dumais 2009). In both truly polar and annular growth, the cylindrical shank of the cell does not expand and hence both types are defined as tip growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

How to shape a cylinder: pollen tube as a model system for the generation of complex cellular geometry

Geitmann

2009

Sex Plant Reprod

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Expansive growth in plant cells is a formidable problem for biophysical studies, and the mechanical principles governing the generation of complex cellular geometries are still poorly understood. Pollen, the male gametophyte stage of the flowering plants, is an excellent model system for the investigation of the mechanics of complex growth processes. The initiation of pollen tube growth requires first of all, the spatially confined formation of a protuberance. This process must be controlled by the mechanical properties of the cell wall, since turgor is a non-vectorial force. In the elongating tube, cell wall expansion is confined to the apex of the cell, requiring the tubular region to be stabilized against turgor-induced tensile stress. Tip focused surface expansion must be coordinated with the supply of cell wall material to this region requiring the precise, logistical control of intracellular transport processes. The advantage of such a demanding mechanism is the high efficiency it confers on the pollen tube in leading an invasive way of life.

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“…This model is built from microscopic observations that suggested that the greatest area of cell expansion is not the extreme apex, but rather in an annular region around the very pole (Geitmann and Dumais, 2009). Additionally, clathrin-dependent and independent endocytosis occurs at different locations throughout the apical compartment of pollen tubes, and the route taken by cargo of these routes can be complex (Onelli and Moscatelli, 2013).…”

Section: Endocytic Recycling In Hyphaementioning

confidence: 99%

Endocytosis and exocytosis in hyphal growth

Schultzhaus

Shaw

2015

Fungal Biology Reviews

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Hyphae Polarized growth Spitzenk€ orper Vesicle trafficking a b s t r a c t Two ancient processes, endocytosis and exocytosis, are employed by eukaryotic cells to shape their plasma membrane and interact with their environment. Filamentous fungi have adapted them to roles compatible with their unique ecological niche and morphology.These organisms are optimal systems in which to address questions such as how endocytosis is localized, how endocytosis and exocytosis interact, and how large molecules traverse eukaryotic cell walls. In the tips of filamentous (hyphal) cells, a ring of endocytosis encircles an apical crescent of exocytosis, suggesting that this area is able to support an endocytic recycling route, although both processes can occur in subapical regions as well.Endocytosis and exocytosis underlie growth, but also facilitate disease progression and secretion of industrially relevant compounds in these organisms. Here we highlight recent work on endocytosis and exocytosis in filamentous fungi.

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Not-so-tip-growth

Cited by 35 publications

References 22 publications

A Pollen-Specific RALF from Tomato That Regulates Pollen Tube Elongation

A Pollen-Specific RALF from Tomato That Regulates Pollen Tube Elongation

How to shape a cylinder: pollen tube as a model system for the generation of complex cellular geometry

Endocytosis and exocytosis in hyphal growth

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