Not So Slim Anymore—Evidence for the Role of SUMO in the Regulation of Lipid Metabolism

Abstract

One of the basic building blocks of all life forms are lipids—biomolecules that dissolve in nonpolar organic solvents but not in water. Lipids have numerous structural, metabolic, and regulative functions in health and disease; thus, complex networks of enzymes coordinate the different compositions and functions of lipids with the physiology of the organism. One type of control on the activity of those enzymes is the conjugation of the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) that in recent years has been identified as a critical regulator of many biological processes. In this review, I summarize the current knowledge about the role of SUMO in the regulation of lipid metabolism. In particular, I discuss (i) the role of SUMO in lipid metabolism of fungi and invertebrates; (ii) the function of SUMO as a regulator of lipid metabolism in mammals with emphasis on the two most well-characterized cases of SUMO regulation of lipid homeostasis. These include the effect of SUMO on the activity of two groups of master regulators of lipid metabolism—the Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein (SERBP) proteins and the family of nuclear receptors—and (iii) the role of SUMO as a regulator of lipid metabolism in arteriosclerosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver, cholestasis, and other lipid-related human diseases.

Fusobacterium nucleatum Promotes Colorectal Cancer Cell to Acquire Stem Cell‐Like Features by Manipulating Lipid Droplet‐Mediated Numb Degradation

“…Some evidence shows that F. nucleatum activates NF‐ κ B in CRC cells, while activated NF‐ κ B has been reported to upregulate CPT1B. [ 24 ] Thus, we hypothesized that F. nucleatum elevated CPT1B expression, likely through activation of NF‐ κ B. Consistent with previous reports, we observed that F. nucleatum infection indeed activated NF‐ κ B in CRC cells as well as CCSCs through the TLR4/MyD88 axis (Figure S6A , Supporting Information).…”

“…In fact, CPT1B has been reported to be regulated by NF‐ κ B through SUMO specific protease 2 (SENP‐2), while FASN is regulated by sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs), which are targets of NF‐ κ B. [ 24 , 30 ] To this end, NF‐ κ B regulates different metabolic genes in CCSCs and regular CRC cells, thereby mediating distinct lipid metabolisms.…”

Transcriptome and Gut Microbiota Profiling Analysis of ANIT-Induced Cholestasis and the Effects of Da-Huang-Xiao-Shi Decoction Intervention

“…Cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenases were significantly related to cholestasis and DHXSD treatment. According to previous research, CYP enzymes play a key role in the biotransformation of xenobiotics (alcohol, drugs, carcinogens, and environmental pollutants) and endobiotic compounds (steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids) ( 40 ). Among the DEGs, CYP8B1 plays a vital role in the ratio of primary bile salts, which might provide clues about the evolution of the bile pathway ( 41 ).…”

cRGD Peptide-Modified Nanocarriers for Targeted Delivery of Angiogenesis Inhibitors to Attenuate Advanced Atherosclerosis

“…Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been the main threat to human life and health, causing high morbidity and mortality around the world. , Atherosclerosis (AS), as one of the primary causes of CVD, is a chronic and progressive inflammatory vascular disease characterized by formation of plaques containing numbers of inflammatory cells and lipids in the arterial wall. − A large lipid core and a high inflammatory cell content are the main factors for vulnerable plaque formation. The influx of lipids and infiltration of inflammatory cells in atherosclerotic plaque rely on vasa vasorum for transport. , With the development of plaque, abundant vasa vasorum are formed to maintain the transportation of materials and nutrients .…”