Not quite social - possible cases of gregarious behaviour of immatures of various lineages of Insecta in 100-million-year-old amber

Hörnig, Marie K.; Haug, Charlotte; Müller, Pie; Haug, Joachim T.

doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1818

Cited by 14 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…As pointed out, many of the Cretaceous larvae have generally been interpreted as Ascalaphidae-type larvae. Even some reconstructed behavioral aspects of such larvae are remarkably comparable to extant Ascalaphidae-type larvae [ 86 ]. Still, in quantitative morphological aspects, the head and mandible of the Cretaceous fossils apparently differ from extant Ascalaphidae-type larvae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impression of a more diverse lacewing fauna in the past is provided by numerous fossils, especially from the Mesozoic (e.g., [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56]), but also from the Cenozoic era (e.g., [57][58][59][60][61][62]). These fossils include numerous different types of lacewing larvae (e.g., [26,47,50,52,), among them being also larvae that have been interpreted as representatives of the combined group including Myrmeleontidae and Ascalaphidae [47,50,52,57,62,86]. Some of these larvae have more precisely been interpreted as offshoots of the direct evolutionary lineage towards the combined group [50].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impression of a more diverse lacewing fauna in the past is provided by numerous fossils, especially from the Mesozoic (e.g., [ 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]), but also from the Cenozoic era (e.g., [ 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ]). These fossils include numerous different types of lacewing larvae (e.g., [ 26 , 47 , 50 , 52 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 ]), among them being also larvae that have been interpreted as representatives of the combined group including Myrmeleontidae and Ascalaphidae [ 47 , 50 , 52 , 57 , 62 , 86...…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Morphological Diversity of Antlion Larvae and Their Closest Relatives over 100 Million Years

Haug

Zuluaga

Zippel

et al. 2022

Insects

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Among lacewings (Neuroptera), representatives of the groups Ascalaphidae (owlflies) and Myrmeleontidae (antlions) are likely the most widely known ones. The exact taxonomic status of the two groups remains currently unclear, each may in fact be nested in the other group. Herein, we refer to the group including representatives of both with the neutral term “owllion”. Owllion larvae are voracious ambush hunters. They are not only known in the extant fauna, but also from the fossil record. We report here new findings of a fossil owlfly larva from Eocene Baltic amber, as well as several owlfly-like larvae from Cretaceous Kachin amber, Myanmar. Based on these fossils, combined with numerous fossil and extant specimens from the literature, collections, and databases, we compared the morphological diversity of the head and mouthpart shapes of the larvae of owllions in the extant fauna with that of owllion-like larvae from three time slices: about 100 million years ago (Cretaceous), about 40 million years ago (Eocene), and about 20 million years ago (Miocene). The comparison reveals that the samples from the Eocene and Miocene are too small for a reliable evaluation. Yet, the Cretaceous larvae allow for some conclusions: (1) the larval morphological diversity of owllion larvae increased over time, indicating a post-Cretaceous diversification; (2) certain morphologies disappeared after the Cretaceous, most likely representing ecological roles that are no longer present nowadays. In comparison, other closely related lineages, e.g., silky lacewings or split-footed lacewings, underwent more drastic losses after the Cretaceous and no subsequent diversifications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Morphological Diversity of Antlion Larvae and Their Closest Relatives over 100 Million Years

Haug

Zuluaga

Zippel

et al. 2022

Insects

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“…Studying behaviour and trophic interactions of extinct animals can only be done indirectly amid demands for several different approaches (see below; Hörnig et al 2022) and combinations of these. Spatially close fossilisations of several individuals of the same or different species (group fossilisation), e.g.…”

Section: Introduction Reconstruction Of Behaviour Of Extinct Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…only incompletely preserved and no inferences from functional morphology (or other indications mentioned above) can be made, the concept of the 'extant phylogenetic bracket' (Witmer 1995) can be used to estimate potentially exhibited behavioural patterns by comparing the fossilised organism with its closest extant relatives. The reliability of these approaches varies considerably for every case, however, and a combination of several approaches discussed thoroughly is useful for the reconstruction of behavioural aspects of extinct organisms (Hörnig et al 2013(Hörnig et al , 2017(Hörnig et al , 2018(Hörnig et al , 2022Zippel et al 2021).…”

Section: Introduction Reconstruction Of Behaviour Of Extinct Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case of frozen behaviour: A flat wasp female with a beetle larva in its grasp in 100-million-year-old amber

Kiesmüller¹,

Haug²,

Müller³

et al. 2022

foss-rec

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Parasitism, a malignant form of symbiosis, wherein one partner, the parasite, derives benefits to the detriment of another, the host, is a widespread phenomenon. Parasitism sensu lato is understood here to include many phenomena, like parasitoidism, kleptoparasitism, phoresy and obligate parasitism. Insecta has many in-groups that have evolved a parasitic life-style; one of the largest in-groups of these is probably the group of Hymenoptera. Bethylidae, the group of flat wasps, is a smaller in-group of Aculeata, the group of hymenopterans with venom stings; representatives of Bethylidae are parasitic. They are more specifically larval ectoparasitoids, meaning that their immature stages are externally developing parasites that kill their host organism at pupation (end of interaction). They mostly parasitise immature representatives of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera. Female flat wasps search for a host for their progeny, paralyse it with their venom sting and then oviposit onto it. Herein we describe one of the oldest findings of parasitic interactions of parasitoid wasps with their progenies’ hosts, specifically a flat wasp female grasping and (potentially) stinging a beetle immature in Cretaceous Kachin (Myanmar) amber (ca. 100 million years old). This finding indicates that this type of parasitic interaction existed since the Cretaceous, temporally close to the earliest findings of representatives of Bethylidae.

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Elateriform beetle larvae preserved in about 100-million-year-old Kachin amber

Zippel,

Haug,

Müller

et al. 2024

PalZ

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Beetle larvae show high diversity in forms and ecological roles. Beetle larvae are often roughly categorised into certain larval types, for example: campodeiform, onisciform, scarabeiform, or elateriform. Larvae of the latter type are virtually absent from the fossil record. Here, we report three amber pieces from Cretaceous Kachin amber, Myanmar (about 100 million years old) that together include nine elateriform beetle larvae. One of the amber pieces has a single specimen included. The specimen is interpreted as a larva of Elateridae, the group of click beetles, possibly of the ingroup Elaterinae; yet accessible details are limited. Eight specimens within the other two amber pieces show certain similarities with larvae of Elateridae, but show significant differences in the trunk end, which bears two lobes armed with hooks in these fossils. This very specific structure is well known in modern larvae of Ptilodactylidae (toed-winged beetles). Therefore, the fossils are interpreted as larvae of Ptilodactylidae. Both types of here reported elateriform larvae represent the first fossil record of larvae of their respective groups. It is well known that larval morphology does not evolve in concert with adult morphology, and a modern-type morphology of the one may precede that of the other. Hence, the new fossils are important indicators of the appearance of the modern larval morphologies of their respective lineages. We also briefly discuss the fossil record of larvae of Elateriformia (of which Elateridae and Ptilodactylidae are ingroups) in general.

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Not quite social - possible cases of gregarious behaviour of immatures of various lineages of Insecta in 100-million-year-old amber

Cited by 14 publications

References 75 publications

The Morphological Diversity of Antlion Larvae and Their Closest Relatives over 100 Million Years

The Morphological Diversity of Antlion Larvae and Their Closest Relatives over 100 Million Years

A case of frozen behaviour: A flat wasp female with a beetle larva in its grasp in 100-million-year-old amber

Elateriform beetle larvae preserved in about 100-million-year-old Kachin amber

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Not quite social - possible cases of gregarious behaviour of immatures of various lineages of Insecta in 100-million-year-old amber

Cited by 14 publications

References 75 publications

The Morphological Diversity of Antlion Larvae and Their Closest Relatives over 100 Million Years

The Morphological Diversity of Antlion Larvae and Their Closest Relatives over 100 Million Years

﻿A case of frozen behaviour: A flat wasp female with a beetle larva in its grasp in 100-million-year-old amber

Elateriform beetle larvae preserved in about 100-million-year-old Kachin amber

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A case of frozen behaviour: A flat wasp female with a beetle larva in its grasp in 100-million-year-old amber