Not only size matters: achene morphology affects time of seedling emergence in three heterocarpic species of &lt;i&gt;Anacyclus&lt;/i&gt; (Anthemideae, Asteraceae)

Torices, Rubén; Agudo, Alicia B.; Álvarez, Inés

doi:10.3989/ajbm.2351

Cited by 15 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…A detailed analysis in A. valentinus by the ovule donor (not shown) suggested maternal effects as the source of variation (i.e., fertility varied depending on the ovule donor rather than on population). The results of germination tests showed high success in all cases (>75%, n = 691) and were similar to those obtained in natural populations (Torices et al., ), 98% survived, of which 98.5% developed flowers, and only 0.7% did not produce pollen.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Sampling and sowing was previously described in Torices et al. (). After germination, seedlings were grown individually in a mix of COMPO SANA ® Universal Potting Soil (COMPO GbmH, München, Germany) and siliceous sand (3:1) until the first 4 to 6 leaves developed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case one population per species and 3 to 8 ovule donor plants were selected from each type of cross. Since selecting the same type of achenes for sowing maximizes matching phenology, we used the winged achenes, whose seeds have faster germination times than the non‐winged ones (Torices et al., ). Three types of pollen addition (one per capitulum) were performed on each hybrid individual: (1) pollen addition from individuals of the same population (F 2 ); (2) pollen addition from individuals of the population of one of the parents (BC); (3) pollen addition from individuals from the other parent population (BC).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Mendelian inheritance of gynomonoecy: insights from Anacyclus hybridizing species

Álvarez

Agudo

Herrero

et al. 2020

American J of Botany

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Citation: Álvarez, I., A. B. Agudo, A. Herrero, and R. Torices. 2020. The Mendelian inheritance of gynomonoecy: insights from Anacyclus hybridizing species. PREMISE:Gynomonoecy is an infrequent sexual system in angiosperms, although widely represented within the Asteraceae family. Currently, the hypothesis of two nuclear loci controling gynomonoecy is the most accepted. However, the genic interactions are still uncertain. Anacyclus clavatus, A. homogamos, and A. valentinus differ in their sexual system and floral traits. Here, we investigate the inheritance of gynomonoecy in this model system to understand its prevalence in the family. METHODS:We selected six natural populations (two per species) for intra-and interspecific experimental crosses, and generated a total of 1123 individuals from the F 1 generation, F 2 , and backcrosses for sexual system characterization. The frequency of gynomonoecy observed for each cross was tested to fit different possible hypotheses of genic interaction. Additionally, the breeding system and the degree of reproductive isolation between these species were assessed. RESULTS: Complementary epistasis, in which two dominant alleles are required for trait expression, explained the frequencies of gynomonoecy observed across all generations. The heterozygosity inferred in Anacyclus valentinus, as well as its lower and variable seed set, is congruent with its hybrid origin.CONCLUSIONS: In our model system gynomonoecy is controlled by complementary epistasis of two genes. A common origin of this sexual system in Asteraceae, in which genic duplications, mutations, and hybridization between lineages played a key role, is hypothesized whereas independent evolutionary pathways and possibly diverse underlying genetic factors are suggested for gynomonoecy expression in other angiosperm families.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Mendelian inheritance of gynomonoecy: insights from Anacyclus hybridizing species

Álvarez

Agudo

Herrero

et al. 2020

American J of Botany

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“…; Torices et al . ). Given that ecological studies on germination speed have suggested a strong relationship with seed size and competitiveness (Dubois & Cheptou ; Lonnberg & Eriksson ; Afonso et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

ExtremeQTLmapping of germination speed inArabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2016

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Seed germination is a key life history transition for annual plants and partly determines lifetime performance and fitness. Germination speed, the elapsed time for a nondormant seed to germinate, is a poorly understood trait important for plants' competitiveness and fitness in fluctuating environments. Germination speed varied by 30% among 18 Arabidopsis thaliana populations measured, and exhibited weak negative correlation with flowering time and seed weight, with significant genotype effect (P < 0.005). To dissect the genetic architecture of germination speed, we developed the extreme QTL (X-QTL) mapping method in A. thaliana. The method has been shown in yeast to increase QTL mapping power by integrating selective screening and bulk-segregant analysis in a very large mapping population. By pooled genotyping of top 5% of rapid germinants from ~100 000 F3 individuals, three X-QTL regions were identified on chromosomes 1, 3 and 4. All regions were confirmed as QTL regions by sequencing 192 rapid germinants from an independent F3 selection experiment. Positional overlaps were found between X-QTLs and previously identified seed, life history and fitness QTLs. Our method provides a rapid mapping platform in A. thaliana with potentially greater power. One can also relate identified X-QTLs to the A. thaliana physical map, facilitating candidate gene identification.

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“…Both species are interfertile and self‐incompatible (Humphries, ; Agudo, ), and bloom from February to July. After fertilization, flowering heads from both species produce two types of achenes, i.e., one‐seeded dry fruits: flowers at the outermost positions, including both ray and disc outermost florets, produce winged and heavier achenes, whereas the innermost disc flowers produce lighter unwinged achenes (Torices et al., ; Afonso et al., ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fitness benefits and costs of floral advertising traits: insights from rayed and rayless phenotypes ofAnacyclus(Asteraceae)

Cerca

Agudo

Castro

et al. 2019

American J of Botany

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PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Ray flowers commonly observed in daisies' flowering heads are a well-known example of advertising structures for enhancing pollinator attraction. Despite this, ray loss has occurred in multiple lineages, which still rely on pollinators, suggesting that rayless phenotypes could also be adaptive for animal-pollination. Here, we investigate the benefits and costs of these specialized floral advertising structures by comparing rayed and rayless phenotypes in two hybridizing closely related species. METHODS:We assessed the advantages and costs of ray production in terms of floral visitor's attraction, pollen limitation, and female reproductive success using the broad natural variation on ray size and number at the contact zone of A. clavatus (rayed) and A. valentinus (rayless). In addition, we experimentally explored the effect of rays under controlled neighborhoods and the effect of ray removal on fruit production. KEY RESULTS:In sympatry, rayed phenotypes attracted significantly more visitors than rayless plants, in which seed production was pollen limited. However, rayed phenotypes did not show higher fruit set or seed production than rayless phenotypes. Fruit set and seed production benefited from denser neighborhood displays and larger individual floral displays, respectively. The removal of ray florets did not appear to enable resource reallocation to fruit production. CONCLUSIONS: Rayless heads compensated their lower visitation rate by means of a higher number of flowers per head achieving similar fecundity levels to rayed plants. The larger size of rayless heads might thus indicate an inflorescence-level trade-off between attraction and fertility.

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Not only size matters: achene morphology affects time of seedling emergence in three heterocarpic species of <i>Anacyclus</i> (Anthemideae, Asteraceae)

Cited by 15 publications

References 61 publications

The Mendelian inheritance of gynomonoecy: insights from Anacyclus hybridizing species

The Mendelian inheritance of gynomonoecy: insights from Anacyclus hybridizing species

ExtremeQTLmapping of germination speed inArabidopsis thaliana

Fitness benefits and costs of floral advertising traits: insights from rayed and rayless phenotypes ofAnacyclus(Asteraceae)

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