Not just ‘a few wisps’: real-time measurement of tobacco smoke at entrances to office buildings

Kaufman, Pamela; Zhang, Bo; Bondy, Susan J.; Klepeis, Neil E.; Ferrence, Roberta

doi:10.1136/tc.2010.041277

Cited by 50 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Legislative action is needed to regulate smoking in such areas so as to eliminate exposure of patrons and employees to SHS. (22,23) Furthermore, it is of interest to note that the reductions were noted to be higher in Athens and in Heraklion, two cities in southern Greece, in comparison to the participating cities in North-Central Greece. Such differences we attribute to the different climate between these cities in Wave 2, as doors and windows were open in more venues in southern Greece.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Five-Year Trends of Second-Hand Smoke Exposure in Greece: A Comparison Between Complete, Partial, and Prelegislation Levels

Vardavas

Anagnostopoulos

Patelarou

et al. 2012

Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery

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confidence: 94%

Five-Year Trends of Second-Hand Smoke Exposure in Greece: A Comparison Between Complete, Partial, and Prelegislation Levels

Vardavas

Anagnostopoulos

Patelarou

et al. 2012

Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery

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“…Nevertheless, in recent years there has been a normative shift with regard to smoking in public indoor places in which today, 28 countries have country-wide comprehensive smoke-free air laws present 5. However, as jurisdictions implement indoor smoke-free legislation, the outdoor areas of such locations may become more commonly cited sources of SHS exposure as smoking gets pushed outdoors 6 7…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondhand smoke exposure levels in outdoor hospitality venues: a qualitative and quantitative review of the research literature

et al. 2012

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Objective This paper considers the evidence on whether outdoor secondhand smoke (SHS) is present in high enough levels of hospitality venues to potentially pose health risks, particularly among employees of such establishments. Data Sources Search strings in PubMed and Web of Science included combinations of environmental tobacco smoke, secondhand smoke, or passive smoke AND outdoor, yielding 217 and 5,199 results, respectively through June, 2012. Study Selection Sixteen studies were selected based on abstract review that either entirely or partly measured outdoor SHS exposures (particulate matter (PM) or other SHS indicators). Data Extraction The methods used to measure SHS indicators, particularly PM, were assessed for inclusion of extraneous variables that may affect such measurements or the corroboration of ambient levels with known standards. Data Synthesis The magnitude of SHS exposure (PM2.5) is dependent on the number of smokers present, proximity to the measuring device, outdoor enclosures, and wind. Under specific conditions, peak outdoor PM2.5 levels can be comparable to those recorded in indoor smoky environments. Using data from both observational and experimental studies, annual excess PM2.5 exposure of full-time waitstaff at outdoor smoking environments could average 4.0 to 12.2 μg/m3 under variable smoking conditions. Conclusions Although highly transitory, outdoor SHS exposures could occasionally exceed annual ambient air quality exposure guidelines. However, such exposures are likely to be higher for occupationally exposed individuals compared to patrons due to repeated and cumulative outdoor SHS exposures. Personal monitoring studies of waitstaff are warranted to corroborate these modeled estimates.

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“…1,2 In response, Canadian health authorities and hospitals began implementing policies mandating smoke-free hospital property, with the goals of reducing the exposure of workers, patients and visitors to tobacco smoke while delivering a public health message about the dangers of smoking. [2][3][4][5] An additional anticipated outcome was the reduced use of tobacco among patients and staff.…”

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confidence: 99%

A qualitative investigation of smoke-free policies on hospital property

Schultz

Finegan²,

Nykiforuk³

et al. 2011

Canadian Medical Association Journal

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Background: Many hospitals have adopted smoke-free policies on their property. We examined the consequences of such polices at two Canadian tertiary acute-care hospitals. Methods:We conducted a qualitative study using ethnographic techniques over a sixmonth period. Participants (n = 186) shared their perspectives on and experiences with tobacco dependence and managing the use of tobacco, as well as their impressions of the smoke-free policy. We interviewed inpatients individually from eight wards (n = 82), key policy-makers (n = 9) and support staff (n = 14) and held 16 focus groups with health care providers and ward staff (n = 81). We also reviewed ward documents relating to tobacco dependence and looked at smoking-related activities on hospital property. Results:Noncompliance with the policy and exposure to secondhand smoke were ongoing concerns. Peoples' impressions of the use of tobacco varied, including divergent opinions as to whether such use was a bad habit or an addiction. Treatment for tobacco dependence and the management of symptoms of withdrawal were offered inconsistently. Participants voiced concerns over patient safety and leaving the ward to smoke.Interpretation: Policies mandating smoke-free hospital property have important consequences beyond noncompliance, including concerns over patient safety and disruptions to care. Without adequately available and accessible support for withdrawal from tobacco, patients will continue to face personal risk when they leave hospital property to smoke. AbstractSee related commentary by Lawn at www.cmaj.ca/lookup

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Not just ‘a few wisps’: real-time measurement of tobacco smoke at entrances to office buildings

Abstract: These findings support smoke-free policies at entrances to buildings to protect non-smokers from exposure to tobacco smoke.

Cited by 50 publications

References 29 publications

Five-Year Trends of Second-Hand Smoke Exposure in Greece: A Comparison Between Complete, Partial, and Prelegislation Levels

Five-Year Trends of Second-Hand Smoke Exposure in Greece: A Comparison Between Complete, Partial, and Prelegislation Levels

Secondhand smoke exposure levels in outdoor hospitality venues: a qualitative and quantitative review of the research literature

A qualitative investigation of smoke-free policies on hospital property

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