Not Enough Fruit and Vegetables or Too Many Cookies, Candies, Salty Snacks, and Soft Drinks?

Cohen, Deborah A.; Sturm, Roland; Scott, Molly M.; Farley, Thomas A.; Bluthenthal, Ricky N.

doi:10.1177/003335491012500112

Cited by 66 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Nielsen & Popkin 30 also observed variations in soda consumption, reporting that the contribution of sodas to total energy intake increased from 3% to The low score for the "sodium" component in this study could be related to adolescents' food habits, with high intake of processed, sodiumrich foods such as crackers, savory snacks, sodas, and preserved meats 32 . He et al 33 reported an association between soda consumption and increased sodium intake in this age group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

Diet quality among adolescents has deteriorated: a panel study in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, 2003-2008

et al. 2016

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A queda na qualidade da alimentação dos adolescentes brasileiros: um estudo de painel em Niterói, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, 2003-2008 La caída en la calidad de la alimentación de los adolescentes brasileños: un estudio de panel en Niterói, Estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, 2003Brasil, -2008 "total vegetables", "dark green and orange vegetables", and "meat, eggs, and legumes", but there was an increase in the score for "milk and dairy " (4.0 vs. 5.2; p < 0.01). Among female adolescents, the BHEI-R decreased (64.1 vs. 62.4; p = 0.04), as did the scores attributed to "total vegetables", "dark green and orange vegetables", "meat, eggs, and legumes", and "solid fat, alcohol, and added sugar". In contrast, among males, only the "whole grains" score decreased (0.2 vs. 0.1; p = 0.04). From 2003 p = 0.04). From to 2008, the diet quality of female public school students declined in Niterói.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

Diet quality among adolescents has deteriorated: a panel study in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, 2003-2008

et al. 2016

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“…Hence, increased snack intake may contribute to weight gain. [45][46][47] However, a recent study demonstrated an inverse relationship between snacking and overweight. 48 This inconsistent literature may be attributed to various definitions of 'snack' 49 that may or may not include 'junk food'.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Breakfast skipping and change in body mass index in young children

Tin

Mak

et al. 2011

Int J Obes

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Background/Objectives: Childhood obesity is prevalent, and dietary habits are a key determinant. Some children skip breakfast for weight control, but studies have shown mixed results. Therefore, we assessed the association between breakfast skipping and body mass index (BMI) among young Chinese children in Hong Kong. Design/Subjects and Methods: A cohort of 113 457 primary 4 participants of the Department of Health Student Health Service in 1998-2000 was followed up for 2 years, with 68 606 (60.5%) participants available for analysis in primary 6. The sociodemographic characteristics for traced and untraced participants were similar. At baseline and follow-up, students reported breakfast habit (consumed vs skipped) and other lifestyle characteristics using a standardized questionnaire. BMI was derived using height and weight measured by trained nurses. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine the cross-sectional relationship between breakfast habit and BMI, as well as the prospective association between baseline breakfast habit and change in BMI. Models adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics. Results: A total of 1805 (5.3%) boys and 1793 (5.2%) girls skipped breakfast at baseline. In cross-sectional analyses, breakfast skippers had a higher mean BMI than did eaters among both primary 4 (b ¼ 0.77, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.67-0.87) (Po0.001) and primary 6 children (b ¼ 0.86, 95% CI: 0.78-0.95) (Po0.001). Compared with eaters, baseline breakfast skippers experienced a greater increase in BMI in the subsequent 2 years (b ¼ 0.11, 95% CI: 0.07-0.16) (Po0.001), and this association was stronger among lunch skippers than eaters (P for interaction ¼ 0.04). Conclusion: Our study provided prospective evidence that skipping breakfast predicts a greater increase in BMI among Hong Kong children. As breakfast is a modifiable dietary habit, our results may have important implications for weight control. However, the underlying mechanism of this effect warrants further investigation

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“…Discretionary foods and beverages are usually high in saturated fat, sugar or salt, and low in fibre and micronutrients, and should be consumed 'only sometimes and in small amounts' (6) according to the Australian Dietary Guidelines (7) . Long-term consumption of these energydense and nutrient-poor foods and beverages might facilitate positive energy imbalance and result in weight gain (8,9) . Extensive studies have demonstrated that energy consumed in both liquid and solid form independently increases the risk of obesity (10)(11)(12) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Discretionary food and beverage consumption and its association with demographic characteristics, weight status, and fruit and vegetable intakes in Australian adults

Sui¹,

Wong²,

Louie³

et al. 2016

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Excessive consumption of discretionary foods/beverages in the Australian population has been identified, increasing the risk of obesity and chronic disease. The present study aimed to examine the associations between demographic, anthropometric and dietary factors and the consumption of discretionary foods, discretionary beverages and discretionary foods/beverages combined. Design: Discretionary food/beverage consumption reported in two 24 h recalls was analysed, stratified by gender, age, socio-economic status, country of birth, BMI, waist circumference, and fruit and vegetable intakes. Setting: 2011-12 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Subjects: Australian adults (n 7873) aged 19 years or above. Results: Mean discretionary food and beverage consumption was 631 g (28 % by weight from foods; 72 % from beverages), providing 2721 kJ of energy intake (72 % from foods; 28 % from beverages). Total discretionary food/beverage consumption was higher in younger age groups (P < 0·001), those in lower socio-economic categories (P < 0·001), those born in Australia (P < 0·001), those with higher BMI (P < 0·001) and those with lower fruit (P < 0·001) or vegetable intake (P < 0·001). Discretionary beverage consumption (β = 6·6, P < 0·001) was more strongly associated with BMI than discretionary food consumption (β = 0·5, P = 0·01). Conclusions: Total discretionary food/beverage consumption as well as discretionary foods alone and discretionary beverages alone were associated with BMI in Australian adults. In addition, high intakes were associated with younger age, lower socio-economic status, and lower consumption of fruit and vegetables.

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Not Enough Fruit and Vegetables or Too Many Cookies, Candies, Salty Snacks, and Soft Drinks?

Cited by 66 publications

References 8 publications

Diet quality among adolescents has deteriorated: a panel study in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, 2003-2008

Diet quality among adolescents has deteriorated: a panel study in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, 2003-2008

Breakfast skipping and change in body mass index in young children

Discretionary food and beverage consumption and its association with demographic characteristics, weight status, and fruit and vegetable intakes in Australian adults

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